Methods and compositions for preparing tagatose from fructose

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for preparing tagatose from fructose, more particularly, compositions comprising thermophilic fructose C4-epimerases derived from thermophilic microorganisms and methods for preparing tagatose from fructose using the compositions.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 16/503,092, filed Jul. 3, 2019, which claims priority to, and the benefits of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/693,681, filed Jul. 3, 2018, and 62/693,660, filed Jul. 3, 2018, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

STATEMENT REGARDING SEQUENCE LISTING

The Sequence Listing associated with this application is provided in text format in lieu of a paper copy, and is hereby incorporated by reference into the specification. The name of the text file containing the Sequence Listing is 311023-2134 Seq. The text file is about 1.55 megabytes, was created on Jun. 8, 2021 and is being submitted electronically via EFS-Web.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention described herein generally relates to the fields of microbiology, biochemistry, and organic chemistry.

BACKGROUND

As problems with obesity and diabetes continue to rise globally, it is of growing importance to have access to alternative low-calorie sweeteners that provide health benefits over traditional sweeteners. D-tagatose is a naturally occurring sweetener that is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) for use in food and beverages. It is 92% as sweet as sucrose and has less than half the caloric value. Importantly, D-tagatose has a taste profile very similar to sucrose and does not have a lingering bitterness characteristic of related alternative sugars such as psicose (allulose). D-tagatose has been suggested to have several positive health benefits including non-tooth decaying, anti-hyperglycemic, and a positive prebiotic effect.

The ketohexose monosaccharide D-tagatose is a C4-epimer of D-fructose. Therefore, D-tagatose is a reducing sugar that undergoes browning reactions and can be used as a “drop-in” replacement for typical bulk sweeteners. There exist established methods to produce D-tagatose from galactose (commonly produced from lactose) using both chemical and biocatalytic means. However, the high cost of generating the galactose feedstock makes the galactose route less attractive than a process that can utilize lower-cost feedstocks such as fructose, glucose, or sucrose.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for producing tagatose by epimerizing fructose at carbon number 4. The present disclosure allows the use of fructose as the source material for tagatose production, which is more economical than using galactose as the source material.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs:1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In further embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or at least 99.9% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position L3, S4, K5, D6, Y7, L8, R9, K10, K11, V13, Y14, S15, 116, C17, S18, S19, S21, Y22, E25, S27, E29, F30, K32, E33, K34, G35, D36, Y37, E41, T43, P44, H45, Q46, Q49, F50, Y53, S54, M56, E59, K62, N63, F64, M66, K67, K70, E71, K72, E75, E76, D77, K78, 180, D84, H85, L89, Q92, D93, E94, S96, P97, T98, N101, K102, K104, D105, R108, F110, S113, Y115, K116, K117, H119, D121, C122, S123, M124, P125, L126, S127, D128, D129, P130, K131, V132, P134, Y135, E136, K137, E140, R141, T142, R143, E144, F146, E147, 1148, E150, E151, T152, A153, R154, K155, Y156, N157, F158, Q159, P160, V161, T166, D167, V168, P169, I170, A171, G172, G173, G174, E175, E176, E177, G178, V179, V182, D184, S187, A188, I189, S190, S191, L192, K193, K194, Y195, N197, D198, V199, P200, N201, I202, W203, D204, R205, G208, V210, I211, M212, L213, I215, G216, F217, S218, Y219, D220, K221, V222, E224, D228, K229, V230, R231, G232, I233, L234, E235, V237, K238, R239, E240, D241, L242, V244, E245, G246, H247, S248, T249, D250, A253, Y255, A256, R258, N259, E262, R266, K269, V270, G271, P272, A273, R280, G281, V282, L284, S286, N287, D290, E291, I292, E295, R296, E297, S299, N300, K302, R303, E307, D313, Y315, K318, Y319, K321, D322, S323, K324, R325, L326, E327, L328, I330, W331, N333, L334, L335, D336, R337, R339, Y340, E343, Y344, E345, K348, M349, V350, N352, K353, E356, N357, F358, E360, G361, V362, D363, I364, K365, F366, Y368, Q369, Y370, Y372, D373, S374, Y375, F376, D377, R379, E380, K382, M383, K384, N385, D386, R388, E389, K392, K393, K396, R397, E400, S403, N407, or L408 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: L3E, L3T, S4M, S4D, S4R, S4L, S4Q, S4N, S4E, S4P, K5F, K5M, K5L, K5R, K5W, K5H, K5Q, K5V, K5A, D6R, D6L, D6H, D6Q, D6N, D6A, D6E, Y7W, Y7H, Y7N, L8N, L8G, R9L, R9T, R9H, R9Q, R9E, R9I, K10M, K10D, K10R, K10L, K10V, K10N, K10A, K10E, K10P, K11F, K11L, K11R, K11Y, K11W, K11V, K11Q, K11H, K11E, K11I, V13I, Y14F, S15A, I16V, C17S, C17L, C17R, C17T, C17G, C17V, C17A, C17I, S18N, S18A, S19N, S21K, S21R, S21Q, S21E, S21P, Y22W, E25R, E251, S27C, S27A, E29Q, E29R, E291, E29L, F30H, F30T, F30A, K32S, K32M, K32L, K32R, K32Q, K32A, K32I, E33R, E33T, E33H, E33Q, E33N, E33D, K34F, K34S, K34M, K34R, K34L, K34Y, K34T, K34H, K34Q, K34V, K34E, K34D, K34I, G35D, G35N, G35H, G35S, D36F, D36S, D36R, D36L, D36Y, D36T, D36W, D36H, D36Q, D36N, D36E, Y37D, Y37P, Y37R, Y37E, E41Q, E41A, H45F, H45K, H45Q, H45A, Q46S, Q46R, Q46T, Q46W, Q46A, Q49F, Q49H, Q49I, Q49W, F50Q, F50H, F50R, F50S, Y53F, Y53V, Y53S, Y53A, S54T, M56W, E59R, E59S, E59T, K62V, K62R, K62Y, K62A, N63E, N63D, N63R, N63Q, F64E, F64L, M66F, M66E, M66Y, K67S, K67R, K67T, K67Q, K67E, K67D, K70D, K70Q, K70R, K70L, E71Q, E71R, E71S, K72L, K72R, K72T, K72V, K72Q, K72H, K72E, K72I, E75D, E75P, E75R, E75S, E76P, E76L, E76R, D77N, D77R, D77S, K78M, K78R, K78L, K78Q, K78D, I80Q, I80R, I80L, D84P, D84N, D84G, D84A, H85A, L89S, L89G, Q92M, Q92D, Q92G, Q92A, Q92P, D93H, E94Q, E94R, E94Y, E94L, S96E, S96R, S96A, P97E, P97D, T98R, T98W, T98V, T98Q, T98E, T98I, N101S, N101D, N101R, N101T, N101H, N101Q, N101A, N101E, N101K, K102L, K102R, K102Y, K102W, K102Q, K102E, K104F, K104R, K104V, K104Q, K104N, K104E, K104I, D105E, D105Q, D105I, R108I, F110Y, S113A, Y115F, K116S, K116R, K116L, K116Y, K116T, K116W, K116H, K116Q, K116E, K116D, K116I, K117M, K117L, K117R, K117W, K117V, H119S, H119G, H119N, H119A, H119P, D121N, D121A, C122R, C122G, C122T, C122V, C122A, C122E, C122K, S123M, S123R, S123T, S123A, M124K, M124R, P125A, L126C, S127A, D128G, D129R, D129L, D129W, D129Q, D129E, P130S, K131S, K131R, K131L, K131Y, K131Q, K131A, K131E, K131D, V132S, V132R, V132Y, V132T, V132E, P134D, P134H, P134A, Y135K, Y135M, Y135D, Y135L, Y135R, Y135T, Y135W, Y135Q, Y135N, Y135P, E136S, E136R, E136P, E136W, E136T, E136Q, E136D, K137L, K137R, K137T, K137W, K137V, K137Q, K137E, K137I, E140D, E140R, E140I, E140L, R141L, R141Y, R141W, R141H, R141Q, R141D, T142E, R143V, R143A, E144Q, E144D, E144R, E144I, F146C, E147Q, E147K, E147R, E147A, I148E, I148V, I148D, E150R, E150A, E151R, T152R, T152Y, T152V, T152H, T152Q, T152A, A153Q, A153R, A153G, A153S, R154S, R154T, R154Q, R154E, R154P, K155R, K155Y, K155P, K155T, K155H, K155N, K155Q, K155G, K155W, K155E, K155D, Y156F, Y156M, Y156R, Y156T, Y156V, Y156Q, Y156E, Y156D, N157E, N157D, N157R, N157P, F158R, F158L, F158T, F158V, F158N, F158E, Q159R, Q159L, Q159G, Q159T, Q159W, Q159E, P160F, P160S, P160M, P160L, P160R, P160T, P160A, P160E, P160I, V161E, V161I, V161Y, V161W, T166M, T166L, T166I, D167T, D167V, D167Q, D167N, D167A, V168M, V168R, I170M, I170K, I170T, A171P, G173S, E175K, E175V, E175R, E176F, E176Y, G178P, V179R, V179I, V182P, V182K, V182A, D184E, S187R, S187T, S187N, S187Q, S187A, S187E, S187K, A188M, A188F, A188T, I189L, S190E, S190D, S190Y, S191L, S191R, S191Y, S191T, S191W, S191V, S191H, S191Q, S191A, S191E, S191I, L192F, L192H, K193F, K193R, K193L, K193Y, K193Q, K193A, K193E, K193I, K194S, K194R, K194L, K194T, K194Q, K194A, K194E, K194D, Y195H, Y195Q, Y195A, N197S, N197D, N197R, N197L, N197P, N197Q, N197A, N197E, N197K, D198K, V199H, V199L, V199I, V199C, P200M, P200L, P200R, P200G, P200E, P200D, N201Q, N201K, N201R, N201E, I202M, I202A, W203F, W203R, W203L, W203Y, W203H, W203A, D204N, D204R, D204S, R205Q, R205L, G208A, V210P, V210T, I211V, M212K, M212L, M212R, L213M, I215V, G216N, G216R, G216T, S218T, S218G, Y219D, Y219H, Y219R, Y219G, D220Q, D220R, D220E, D220T, K221R, K221T, K221V, K221Q, K221E, K221I, V222I, E224M, E224Q, E224Y, D228E, D228S, K229S, K229R, K229T, K229N, K229Q, K229A, K229E, V230A, R231E, R231L, R231F, R231A, G232D, G232R, G232P, G232E, G232K, I233L, L234M, L234A, E235W, E235R, V237L, K238S, K238R, K238W, K238Q, K238E, R239S, E240M, E240Y, E240T, E240V, E240N, E240H, E240D, D241R, D241G, D241Q, D241N, D241P, L242W, V244L, E245Q, E245A, G246C, G246V, G246A, H247A, T249S, D250N, D250A, A253S, A253P, A253T, A253N, A253D, Y255E, Y255D, Y255Q, Y255K, A256L, R258E, R258L, N259R, N259W, N259A, N259E, N259D, E262Q, E262R, E262L, R266V, R266A, K269L, K269R, K269V, K269N, K269I, G271D, G271A, A273W, R280E, G281A, V282I, L284K, S286D, S286V, S286A, N287F, N287R, N287L, N287H, N287Q, N287E, N287D, D290F, D290R, D290Q, D290N, D290A, D290E, D290K, E291D, E291R, I292Q, I292L, I292E, E295P, R296E, R296D, R296Y, E297R, E297L, E297G, E297H, E297Q, E297K, S299Q, S299A, N300E, N300D, N300Q, N300R, K302M, K302L, K302R, K302Q, K302E, K302P, K302I, R303E, R303D, R303Q, E307Q, E307R, D313P, Y315W, K318E, K318D, K318R, K318N, K321S, K321R, K321T, K321H, K321E, K321D, D322T, S323D, S323G, K324S, K324R, K324P, K324W, K324H, K324E, K324D, R325S, R325G, R325W, R325N, R325Q, R325A, R325E, R325D, L326H, E327R, E327I, E327Y, L328F, L328R, L328Y, L328W, L328E, L328D, I330L, W331E, W331H, W331L, W331F, N333A, N333S, L334Y, R339E, R339T, R339A, R339G, Y340F, Y340R, Y340H, Y340A, Y340P, E343M, E343L, E343Y, E343Q, E343N, E343D, Y344H, E345D, E345P, K348R, K348L, K348Y, K348W, K348V, K348Q, K348A, K348E, M349R, M349Y, M349C, M349T, M349W, M349N, M349Q, M349A, M349E, M349K, M349I, V350A, N352M, N352R, N352L, N352Q, N352E, K353R, K353L, K353W, K353H, K353Q, K353A, K353E, E356W, E356R, N357H, F358L, E360D, G361D, G361P, V362I, D363P, D363H, I364M, I364L, I364W, I364E, I364P, K365S, K365R, K365T, K365H, K365N, K365E, K365D, F366H, F366L, F366R, F366Y, Y368R, Y368L, Q369E, Q369D, Q369R, Q369L, Y370H, Y372P, D373R, D373L, D373N, D373A, D373E, S374C, S374Q, S374T, S374A, Y375W, Y375A, F376R, F376H, F376Q, F376E, F376K, D377S, D377R, D377H, D377N, D377A, R379C, E380D, E380N, E380R, E380L, K382R, K382L, K382N, K382Q, K382E, K382D, M383L, K384S, K384L, K384R, K384T, K384Q, K384E, K384D, N385P, N385T, D386H, R388E, E389D, E389R, K392F, K392M, K392R, K392L, K392Y, K392H, K392E, K393F, K393L, K393R, K393Y, K393T, K393W, K393H, K393Q, K393A, K393E, K396F, K396M, K396L, K396R, K396Q, K396A, K396E, K396I, R397S, R397L, R397H, R397Q, R397E, R397K, R397I, E400Q, E400R, E400Y, E400L, S403F, S403R, S403L, S403Y, S403T, S403W, S403H, S403A, S403E, N407F, N407R, N407L, N407Y, N407W, N407H, N407Q, N407E, N407D, N407I, L408R, L408T, L408G, L408W, L408N, or L408D; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position C17, S18, E41, T43, P44, H45, Q46, Y53, D84, H85, L89, Q92, H119, D121, C122, S123, M124, T166, D167, V168, P169, I170, A171, G172, G173, G174, E175, E176, E177, G178, V210, M212, F217, E245, H247, 5248, T249, D250, K269, V270, G271, P272, Y319, L335, D336, R337, R339, or Y340 of SEQ ID NO: 6; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: C17A, C17T, S18A, S18N, E41A, E41Q, H45F, H45A, H45K, H45Q, Q46R, Q46S, Q46A, Q46W, Q46T, Y53F, Y53A, Y53S, Y53V, D84G, D84A, D84N, D84P, H85A, L89G, L89S, Q92M, Q92D, Q92P, Q92G, Q92A, H119N, H119S, H119P, H119G, H119A, D121A, D121N, C122G, C122K, C122E, S123A, S123M, S123R, S123T, M124K, M124R, T166L, T166M, T166I, D167N, D167V, D167A, D167Q, D167T, V168M, V168R, I170M, I170K, I170T, A171P, G173S, E175K, E175V, E175R, E176F, E176Y, G178P, V210P, V210T, M212L, M212K, M212R, E245A, E245Q, H247A, T249S, D250A, D250N, G271D, G271A, R339G, R339A, R339E, R339T, Y340F, Y340H, Y340R, Y340P, or Y340A; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position V13, Y14, S15, 116, S19, S21, Y22, 527, F30, K34, G35, D36, Y37, 554, K62, N63, M66, K67, K72, E75, E76, D77, K78, D93, S96, P97, T98, N101, D105, F110, S113, Y115, L126, S127, D128, D129, K131, Y135, E136, E140, T142, R143, E144, F146, E147, 1148, E151, T152, R154, P160, V179, V182, D184, S187, A188, I189, S190, S191, L192, Y195, N197, D198, V199, P200, N201, I202, D204, G208, 1211, L213, I215, S218, Y219, V230, G232, I233, L234, V237, E240, D241, L242, V244, G246, A253, Y255, A256, N259, E262, R266, A273, R280, G281, V282, L284, S286, N287, D290, E291, I292, E295, R296, E297, K302, R303, K321, K324, R325, E327, L328, I330, W331, N333, L334, E343, Y344, E345, M349, V350, N352, K353, F358, E360, V362, D363, 1364, K365, F366, Y372, D373, 5374, F376, D377, R379, M383, N385, K393, R397, or S403 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: V13I, Y14F, S15A, I16V, S19N, S21P, S21E, S21K, Y22W, S27A, S27C, F30H, K34D, K34M, K34R, K34Y, G35D, G35H, D36T, D36S, Y37P, S54T, K62R, N63R, M66F, M66Y, K67Q, K72V, K72L, E75P, E76P, D77N, K78R, D93H, S96E, S96A, P97D, P97E, T98E, T98Q, N101E, N101A, N101K, D105E, F110Y, S113A, Y115F, L126C, S127A, D128G, D129E, K131A, Y135P, Y135Q, Y135K, Y135N, Y135T, Y135M, Y135D, Y135L, E136D, E140I, T142E, R143V, R143A, E144R, F146C, E147R, E147K, I148V, E151R, T152A, R154Q, P160E, P160A, V179I, V182P, V182A, V182K, D184E, S187K, S187N, S187T, S187E, S187R, A188F, A188M, A188T, I189L, S190D, S190E, S191I, S191T, S191V, S191Y, S191A, S191L, L192F, L192H, Y195A, N197Q, N197K, N197E, N197D, N197A, D198K, V199I, V199H, V199L, V199C, P200G, N201R, N201Q, N201K, I202M, I202A, D204N, G208A, I211V, L213M, I215V, S218G, Y219D, Y219H, V230A, G232D, G232E, G232K, G232P, I233L, L234M, L234A, V237L, E240T, D241P, D241G, L242W, V244L, G246V, G246A, G246C, A253P, A253N, A253T, A253D, A253S, Y255D, Y255E, Y255Q, Y255K, A256L, N259R, N259E, N259W, N259D, N259A, E262Q, R266V, R266A, A273W, R280E, G281A, V282I, L284K, S286V, S286D, S286A, N287D, D290N, D290A, D290Q, D290K, E291D, I292L, E295P, R296D, R296E, R296Y, E297Q, E297K, E297G, E297H, E297R, K302L, R303E, K321T, K321H, K321R, K324D, K324E, R325D, R325N, R325E, R325Q, E327R, L328F, L328W, I330L, W331H, N333A, N333S, L334Y, E343N, Y344H, E345P, M349K, M349C, M349T, M349E, M349R, M349A, V350A, N352E, K353R, F358L, E360D, V362I, D363P, I364W, K365T, K365R, F366L, Y372P, D373A, S374T, S374Q, S374A, S374C, F376Q, F376K, F376E, F376H, F376R, D377A, R379C, M383L, N385P, K393H, R397K, S403H, S403Y, or S403A; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position K5, K10, K11, C17, K32, K34, K62, K67, K70, K72, K78, K102, K104, K116, K117, C122, K131, K137, K155, K193, K194, K221, K229, K238, K269, K302, K318, K321, K324, K348, K353, K365, K382, K384, K392, K393, or K396 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: K5H, K5M, K5L, K5A, K5R, K5W, K5F, K10M, K10L, K10R, K10A, K10V, K10N, K11Q, K11Y, K11E, K11L, K11R, K11V, C17T, C17I, C17L, C17A, C17R, C17V, C17G, C17S, K32Q, K32I, K32M, K32L, K32R, K32S, K34T, K34Q, K34Y, K34E, K34H, K34M, K34L, K34R, K34F, K62R, K62Y, K62V, K67R, K67T, K67Q, K67S, K70R, K70Q, K72T, K72I, K72L, K72R, K72V, K78R, K78Q, K78M, K78L, K102R, K102Y, K102L, K104Q, K104I, K104R, K104V, K104N, K104F, K116T, K116Q, K116Y, K116H, K116I, K116L, K116R, K116W, K116S, K117M, K117L, K117R, K117V, K117W, C122R, C122T, C122A, C122V, K131Q, K131Y, K131E, K131L, K131R, K137T, K137Q, K137E, K137I, K137L, K137R, K155Y, K155E, K155H, K155R, K155D, K155N, K193Q, K193E, K193I, K193R, K193A, K194T, K194E, K194R, K194A, K194S, K221Q, K221T, K221I, K221R, K221V, K229T, K229Q, K229R, K229A, K229N, K229S, K238R, K238W, K238S, K269I, K269L, K269R, K269V, K269N, K302Q, K302I, K302M, K302L, K302R, K318R, K318D, K318E, K321R, K321D, K324R, K324D, K324E, K324S, K348V, K348R, K348L, K353W, K353R, K353Q, K353L, K365R, K365H, K365S, K382R, K382N, K382L, K384T, K384Q, K384E, K384L, K384D, K384R, K384S, K392R, K392M, K392L, K393Y, K393H, K393L, K393R, K393F, K396I, K396M, K396L, K396R, or K396F; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position L3, S4, K5, D6, Y7, L8, R9, K10, K11, S21, Y22, E25, E29, F30, K32, E33, K34, G35, D36, Y37, Q49, F50, M56, E59, K62, N63, F64, M66, K67, K70, E71, K72, E75, E76, D77, K78, 180, E94, S96, T98, N101, K102, K104, D105, R108, K116, P125, D129, P130, K131, V132, P134, Y135, E136, K137, E140, R141, E144, E147, 1148, E150, E151, T152, A153, R154, K155, Y156, N157, F158, Q159, P160, V161, V179, S187, S190, S191, K193, K194, Y195, N197, P200, N201, W203, D204, R205, G216, S218, Y219, D220, K221, V222, E224, D228, K229, R231, G232, E235, K238, R239, E240, D241, R258, E262, N287, D290, E291, I292, E297, S299, N300, K302, R303, E307, D313, Y315, K318, K321, D322, S323, K324, R325, L326, E327, L328, W331, E343, E345, K348, M349, N352, K353, E356, N357, G361, D363, 1364, K365, F366, Y368, Q369, Y370, D373, Y375, F376, D377, E380, K382, K384, N385, D386, R388, E389, K392, K393, K396, R397, E400, S403, N407, or L408 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: L3E, L3T, S4L, S4D, S4R, S4N, S4P, S4E, S4Q, S4M, K5L, K5V, K5A, K5H, K5R, K5F, K5Q, D6L, D6A, D6H, D6R, D6N, D6E, D6Q, Y7W, Y7N, Y7H, L8N, L8G, R9L, R9I, R9H, R9E, R9Q, R9T, K10D, K10A, K10R, K10N, K10P, K10E, K11I, K11V, K11H, K11Y, K11R, K11F, K11W, K11E, K11Q, S21R, S21E, S21Q, S21P, Y22W, E25R, E251, E29L, E29R, E29Q, E291, F30A, F30H, F30T, K32L, K32I, K32A, K32R, K32Q, K32M, E33D, E33H, E33R, E33N, E33Q, E33T, K34L, K34D, K34I, K34S, K34V, K34H, K34Y, K34R, K34F, K34Q, K34T, K34M, G35D, G35N, G35H, G35S, D36L, D36S, D36H, D36Y, D36R, D36E, D36N, D36F, D36W, D36Q, D36T, Y37E, Y37R, Y37D, Y37P, Q49W, Q49I, Q49H, Q49F, F50R, F50Q, F50H, F50S, M56W, E59R, E59S, E59T, K62R, K62A, N63R, N63E, N63D, N63Q, F64L, F64E, M66E, M66F, M66Y, K67D, K67S, K67R, K67E, K67Q, K67T, K70L, K70R, K70D, K70Q, E71R, E71Q, E71S, K72L, K72I, K72H, K72E, K72Q, K72T, E75R, E75D, E75S, E76L, E76R, E76P, D77R, D77N, D77S, K78L, K78R, K78D, K78Q, K78M, I80L, I80R, I80Q, E94L, E94R, E94Q, E94Y, S96R, S96E, S96A, T98I, T98V, T98R, T98W, T98E, T98Q, N101D, N101S, N101A, N101H, N101R, N101E, N101Q, N101T, K102Y, K102R, K102W, K102E, K102Q, K104R, K104E, K104Q, D105E, D105Q, D105I, R108I, K116L, K116I, K116H, K116Y, K116R, K116E, K116W, K116D, K116Q, K116T, P125A, D129L, D129R, D129W, D129E, D129Q, P130S, K131D, K131E, K131S, K131Y, V132S, V132Y, V132R, V132E, V132T, P134A, P134D, P134H, Y135L, Y135D, Y135R, Y135W, Y135Q, E136S, E136R, E136P, E136W, E136D, E136Q, E136T, K137L, K137I, K137V, K137R, K137W, K137E, K137Q, E140L, E140R, E140D, E140I, R141L, R141D, R141H, R141Y, R141W, R141Q, E144R, E144Q, E144D, E144I, E147R, E147Q, E147A, I148D, I148E, I148V, E150R, E150A, E151R, T152V, T152A, T152H, T152Y, T152R, T152Q, A153R, A153Q, A153G, A153S, R154S, R154P, R154E, R154Q, R154T, K155G, K155E, K155P, K155W, K155D, K155Q, K155T, Y156V, Y156R, Y156E, Y156F, Y156D, Y156Q, Y156T, Y156M, N157E, N157D, N157R, N157P, F158L, F158V, F158R, F158N, F158E, F158T, Q159L, Q159G, Q159R, Q159W, Q159E, Q159T, P160L, P160I, P160S, P160A, P160R, P160F, P160E, P160T, P160M, V161W, V161E, V161I, V161Y, V179R, V179I, S187R, S187Q, S187A, S190D, S190E, S190Y, S191L, S191A, S191H, S191Y, S191R, S191W, S191E, S191Q, S191T, K193L, K193I, K193Y, K193R, K193F, K193E, K193Q, K194L, K194D, K194A, K194R, K194E, K194Q, Y195A, Y195Q, Y195H, N197L, N197D, N197S, N197R, N197P, N197E, N197Q, P200L, P200D, P200R, P200E, P200M, N201R, N201E, W203L, W203A, W203H, W203Y, W203R, W203F, D204R, D204N, D204S, R205L, R205Q, G216R, G216N, G216T, S218T, Y219R, Y219G, D220E, D220R, D220Q, D220T, K221I, K221V, K221R, K221E, K221Q, K221T, V222I, E224Q, E224Y, E224M, D228E, D228S, K229A, K229R, K229N, K229E, K229Q, R231L, R231A, R231E, R231F, G232R, G232E, G232P, E235R, E235W, K238S, K238R, K238W, K238E, K238Q, R239S, E240V, E240H, E240Y, E240N, E240D, E240T, E240M, D241R, D241N, D241Q, D241P, R258L, R258E, E262L, E262R, E262Q, N287L, N287H, N287R, N287F, N287E, N287Q, D290R, D290E, D290Q, D290F, E291R, I292E, I292Q, E297L, E297R, E297H, S299A, S299Q, N300E, N300D, N300R, N300Q, K302L, K302I, K302R, K302P, K302E, K302Q, K302M, R303D, R303E, R303Q, E307R, E307Q, D313P, Y315W, K318D, K318N, K321E, K321D, K321R, K321S, D322T, S323D, S323G, K324D, K324H, K324P, K324W, K324E, R325D, R325S, R325A, R325G, R325W, R325E, R325Q, L326H, E327R, E327I, E327Y, L328D, L328Y, L328R, L328W, L328E, W331L, W331E, W331F, E343L, E343Y, E343N, E343D, E343Q, E343M, E345D, E345P, K348L, K348A, K348Y, K348R, K348W, K348E, K348Q, M349I, M349Y, M349R, M349N, M349W, M349E, M349Q, M349T, N352L, N352R, N352E, N352Q, N352M, K353L, K353A, K353H, K353R, K353E, K353Q, E356R, E356W, N357H, G361D, G361P, D363H, D363P, I364L, I364E, I364P, I364M, K365D, K365S, K365R, K365N, K365E, F366L, F366R, F366H, F366Y, Y368L, Y368R, Q369L, Q369R, Q369E, Q369D, Y370H, D373L, D373R, D373E, D373N, Y375W, Y375A, F376R, F376E, F376Q, D377S, D377A, D377H, D377R, D377N, E380L, E380R, E380D, E380N, K382L, K382D, K382R, K382N, K382E, K382Q, K384L, K384S, K384R, K384E, K384D, K384Q, K384T, N385P, N385T, D386H, R388E, E389R, E389D, K392L, K392H, K392Y, K392R, K392F, K392E, K393A, K393H, K393Y, K393R, K393W, K393E, K393Q, K393T, K396I, K396A, K396R, K396E, K396Q, K396M, R397L, R397I, R397S, R397H, R397E, R397Q, E400L, E400R, E400Q, E400Y, S403L, S403A, S403Y, S403R, S403F, S403W, S403E, S403T, N407L, N407D, N407I, N407H, N407Y, N407R, N407F, N407W, N407E, N407Q, L408G, L408R, L408N, L408W, L408D, or L408T; or combinations thereof.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides polynucleotides encoding any of the polypeptides disclosed herein. The present disclosure also provides constructs, vectors, plasmids that comprises the polynucleotides.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides a microorganism expressing any of the polypeptides disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a microorganism expressing a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the microorganism is modified. In some embodiments, wherein the modified microorganism is genetically modified. In some embodiments, the modified microorganism is non-naturally occurring.

In some embodiments, the modified microorganism is derived from Escherichia coli, (hereinafter referred to as E. coli), Corynebacterum glutamicum, Aspergillus oryzae, Pichia pastoris, Bacillus subtilis, Caldithrix abyssi, Anaerolinea thermophila, Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus, Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis, Dictyoglomus turgidum, Caldilinea aerophila, Rhodothermus marinus, Methanohalobium evestigatum, Clostridium cavendishii, Kosmotoga olearia, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Clostridium thermobutyricum, Litorilinea aerophila, Enterobacter mori., Caldisericum exile, Dictyoglomus thermophilum, Rhodothermus profundi, Caldibacillus debilis., Caloramator quimbayensis, Methanosalsum zhilinae, Pseudothermotoga thermarum, Pseudothermotoga hypogea, Pseudothermotoga lettingae, Geosporobacter subterraneus, Melioribacter roseus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Clostridium stercorarium, Truepera radiovictrix, Thermoflexus hugenholtzii, Petrotoga mobilis, Spirochaeta thermophila, Thermofilum pendens, Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus, Thermoanaerobacter mathranii, Thermoanaerobacter italicus, Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum, Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum, Ignisphaera aggregans, Thermotoga maritima, Caldanaerobacter subterraneus, Mesotoga infera, Thermosinus carboxydivorans, Halanaerobium congolense, Halanaerobium saccharolyticum, Gracilibacillus halophilus, Caldicoprobacter faecalis, Thermoanaerobacter uzonensis, Lactobacillus ingluviei, Petrotoga mexicana, Defluviitoga tunisiensis, Petrotoga miotherma, Petrotoga olearia, Thermophagus xiamenensis, Treponema caldarium, Thermofilum uzonense.

In some embodiments, the polypeptides disclosed herein or microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to a carrier or support. In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an organic composition. In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an inorganic composition.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of producing tagatose, the method comprising: (a) contacting fructose with any of the polypeptide disclosed herein or a microorganism expressing the polypeptide; and (b) converting fructose to tagatose. In some embodiments, the method comprises: (a) contacting fructose with a polypeptide or a microorganism expressing the polypeptide, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444; and (b) converting fructose to tagatose. In some embodiments, step (b) converts fructose to tagatose through C4-epimerization of fructose. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is capable of converting fructose to tagatose through C4-epimerization of fructose. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity.

A method for producing a tagatose composition, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a starting composition comprising greater than about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90% of fructose by weight; (b) contacting the starting composition with any of the polypeptide disclosed herein or a microorganism expressing the polypeptide; and (c) producing a tagatose composition comprising tagatose. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is capable of converting fructose to tagatose through epimerization at the carbon-4 position of fructose.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method for producing a tagatose composition, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a starting composition comprising greater than about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90% of fructose by weight; (b) contacting the starting composition with any of the polypeptide disclosed herein or a microorganism expressing the polypeptide; and (c) producing a tagatose composition comprising tagatose. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is capable of converting fructose to tagatose through epimerization at the carbon-4 position of fructose.

In some embodiments, the tagatose composition comprises tagatose in an amount greater than about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, or about 40% by weight. In some embodiments, contacting fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at a temperature between about 40° C. and about 100° C. In some embodiments, the contacting of fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at between about pH 4.5 and about pH 8. In some embodiments, the contacting of fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed in the presence of a metal ion.

In some embodiments, the tagatose product is separated from the feed stock (fructose, glucose, and/or sucrose, etc.) through chromatographic means. In some embodiments, the isolated tagatose is further purified with crystallization.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be more completely understood with reference to the following drawings.

FIG. 1 depicts the measured fructose to tagatose yield for twenty-three thermophilic D-fructose C4-epimerases (Scaffold1). The FC4Es were reacted with 20 mM fructose at 60° C. overnight.

FIG. 2 depicts the measured fructose to tagatose yield for fifty-three thermophilic D-fructose C4-epimerases (Scaffold2). The FC4Es were reacted with 20 mM fructose at 60° C. overnight.

FIG. 3 depicts measured Q-tof traces of the conversion of fructose (20 mM) to tagatose for 8 of the thermophilic D-fructose C4-epimerases (Scaffold 1).

FIG. 4 depicts measured Q-tof traces of the conversion of fructose (20 mM) to tagatose for 8 of the thermophilic D-fructose C4-epimerases (Scaffold 1).

FIG. 5 depicts the impact of metal salt on measured tagatose yield from fructose for 9 FC4Es.

FIG. 6 depicts the relative fructose to tagatose yield when a high concentration of fructose substrate (1M) was used in the reaction.

FIG. 7 depicts the relative fructose to tagatose yield for 8 FC4Es after the FC4Es were incubated at 60° C. for 24 hours prior to reacting with fructose.

FIG. 8 depicts the impact of temperature on tagatose yield for 3 FC4Es.

FIG. 9 depicts the fructose to tagatose yield over time for 4 FC4Es.

FIG. 10 depicts the effect of protein concentration on tagatose yield for 4 FC4Es

FIG. 11 depicts the impact of fructose concentration on tagatose yield for the FC4E, pA06238.

FIG. 12 depicts the effect of preincubating pA06238 at 80° C. for different amounts of time on tagatose yield.

FIG. 13 depicts the fold change in expression and activity for 30 DNA optimized variants of pA06238.

FIG. 14 depicts the fructose to tagatose yield of pA06238 immobilized on 22 commercially available resins.

FIG. 15 depicts the percent tagatose converted from fructose over time from a fixed bed reactor packed with immobilized pA06238.

FIG. 16 depicts the fold change in fructose to tagatose conversion for active site mutants of pA06234.

FIG. 17 depicts a sequence alignment of the native thermophilic FC4Es (SEQ ID NOs: 1-23 and SEQ ID NOs: 321-373). The residues are numbered based on the pA06238 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6). Black squares at the top of the alignment show residue positions that were mutated in Example 12 (Active Site Mutant), Example 13 (Stability Expression Mutant), and Example 14 (Lys/Cys Only Mutant and Lys/Cys Mutant)

FIG. 18 depicts the fold change in fructose to tagatose conversion for members of the FC4E active site mutant library (reaction time 1 hour).

FIG. 19 depicts the fold change in fructose to tagatose conversion for members of the FC4E active site mutant library (reaction time 24 hours).

FIG. 20 depicts the sequence alignment of all computationally designed stability/expression mutants from Example 13 (SEQ ID NOs 46-136). Only residue positions that were mutated in at least one mutant FC4E are shown. Amino acids that were not mutated are shown as a “.”.

FIG. 21 depicts the fold change in total conversion (amount of expressed protein multiplied by the tagatose yield from a standard amount of enzyme) for the FC4E computational designs.

FIG. 22 depicts the sequence alignment of all lysine/cysteine only mutants from Example 14 (SEQ ID NOs 137-230). Only residue positions that were mutated in at least one mutant FC4E are shown. Amino acids that were not mutated are shown as a “.”.

FIG. 23 depicts the sequence alignment of all lysine/cysteine mutants from Example 14 that allowed surrounding residues to mutate (SEQ ID NOs 232-320). Only residue positions that were mutated in at least one mutant FC4E are shown. Amino acids that were not mutated are shown as a “.”.

FIG. 24 depicts the fold change in tagatose yield for a subset of the FC4E computational designs from Example 14.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Definitions

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on specific embodiments and examples. However, the scope the of the disclosure is not limited to these embodiments and examples. Descriptions of details apparent to those skilled in the art having ordinary knowledge in this technical field or relevant field will be omitted herein.

As used herein, the term CN refers to a carbon position defined in accordance with IUPAC nomenclature, wherein N is an integer of 1 or more. Specifically, “epimerization at the carbon 4 position” is expressed as “C4-epimerization.”

As used herein, fructose refers to the monosaccharide D-fructose and tagatose refers to the monosaccharide D-tagatose.

The term “percent identity,” as known in the art, is a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences or two or more polynucleotide sequences, as determined by comparing the sequences. In the art, “identity” also means the degree of sequence relatedness between polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by the match between strings of such sequences. “identity” and “similarity” can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those described in: Computational Molecular Biology (Lesk, A. M., ed.) Oxford University Press, New York (1988); Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects (Smith, D. W., ed.) Academic Press, New York (1993); Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I (Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H. G., eds.) Humana Press, New Jersey (1994); Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology (von Heinje, G., ed.) Academic Press (1987); and Sequence Analysis Primer (Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds.) Stockton Press, New York (1991). Preferred methods to determine identity are designed to give the best match between the sequences tested. Methods to determine identity and similarity are codified in publicly available computer programs. Sequence alignments and percent identity calculations may be performed using sequence analysis software such as the Megalign program of the LASERGENE bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, Wis.). Multiple alignment of the sequences may be performed using the Clustal method of alignment (Higgins et al., CABIOS. 5:151 (1989)) with the default parameters (GAP PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH PENALTY=10). Default parameters for pairwise alignments using the Clustal method may be selected: KTUPLE 1, GAP PENALTY=3, WINDOW=5 and DIAGONALS SAVED=5.

The term “modification” of an amino acid residue refers to substitution of a different amino acid residue for an original amino acid residue, deletion of an original amino acid residue, or addition of an extra amino acid residue. The “modification” preferably refers to substitution of a different amino acid residue for an original amino acid residue. Specifically, in the present invention, “modification of the charge of an amino acid residue” preferably refers to amino acid substitutions.

II. Polypeptides

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs:1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In further embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or at least 99.9% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is capable of converting fructose to tagatose through epimerization at carbon-4 position of fructose.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 65% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 70% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 75% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 98% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence that is at least 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, wherein the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position L3, S4, K5, D6, Y7, L8, R9, K10, K11, V13, Y14, S15, 116, C17, S18, S19, S21, Y22, E25, S27, E29, F30, K32, E33, K34, G35, D36, Y37, E41, T43, P44, H45, Q46, Q49, F50, Y53, S54, M56, E59, K62, N63, F64, M66, K67, K70, E71, K72, E75, E76, D77, K78, 180, D84, H85, L89, Q92, D93, E94, S96, P97, T98, N101, K102, K104, D105, R108, F110, S113, Y115, K116, K117, H119, D121, C122, S123, M124, P125, L126, S127, D128, D129, P130, K131, V132, P134, Y135, E136, K137, E140, R141, T142, R143, E144, F146, E147, 1148, E150, E151, T152, A153, R154, K155, Y156, N157, F158, Q159, P160, V161, T166, D167, V168, P169, I170, A171, G172, G173, G174, E175, E176, E177, G178, V179, V182, D184, S187, A188, I189, S190, S191, L192, K193, K194, Y195, N197, D198, V199, P200, N201, I202, W203, D204, R205, G208, V210, I211, M212, L213, I215, G216, F217, S218, Y219, D220, K221, V222, E224, D228, K229, V230, R231, G232, I233, L234, E235, V237, K238, R239, E240, D241, L242, V244, E245, G246, H247, S248, T249, D250, A253, Y255, A256, R258, N259, E262, R266, K269, V270, G271, P272, A273, R280, G281, V282, L284, S286, N287, D290, E291, I292, E295, R296, E297, S299, N300, K302, R303, E307, D313, Y315, K318, Y319, K321, D322, S323, K324, R325, L326, E327, L328, I330, W331, N333, L334, L335, D336, R337, R339, Y340, E343, Y344, E345, K348, M349, V350, N352, K353, E356, N357, F358, E360, G361, V362, D363, I364, K365, F366, Y368, Q369, Y370, Y372, D373, S374, Y375, F376, D377, R379, E380, K382, M383, K384, N385, D386, R388, E389, K392, K393, K396, R397, E400, S403, N407, or L408 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In further embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: (1) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L3 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or THR; (2) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S4 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, MET, or PRO; (3) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K5 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, HIS, LEU, MET, PHE, TRP, or VAL; (4) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D6 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, HIS, or LEU; (5) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y7 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, HIS, or TRP; (6) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L8 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, or GLY; (7) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R9 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, or THR; (8) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K10 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, ASP, GLU, LEU, MET, PRO, or VAL; (9) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K11 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, PHE, TRP, TYR, or VAL; (10) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V13 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (11) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y14 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE; (12) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S15 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (13) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I16 of SEQ ID NO:6 is VAL; (14) the amino acid residue corresponding to position C17 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLY, ILE, LEU, SER, THR, or VAL; (15) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S18 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASN; (16) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S19 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN; (17) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S21 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LYS, or PRO; (18) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y22 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (19) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E25 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ILE; (20) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S27 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or CYS; (21) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E29 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, ILE, or LEU; (22) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F30 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, HIS, or THR; (23) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K32 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, ILE, LEU, MET, or SER; (24) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E33 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, HIS, or THR; (25) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K34 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, MET, PHE, SER, THR, TYR, or VAL; (26) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G35 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, HIS, or SER; (27) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D36 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, PHE, SER, THR, TRP, or TYR; (28) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y37 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or PRO; (29) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E41 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLN; (30) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H45 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLN, LYS, or PHE; (31) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q46 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, SER, THR, or TRP; (32) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q49 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS, ILE, PHE, or TRP; (33) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F50 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, HIS, or SER; (34) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y53 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, PHE, SER, or VAL; (35) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S54 of SEQ ID NO:6 is THR; (36) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M56 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (37) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E59 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, SER, or THR; (38) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K62 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, TYR, or VAL; (39) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N63 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or GLU; (40) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F64 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or LEU; (41) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M66 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, PHE, or TYR; (42) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K67 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, SER, or THR; (43) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K70 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or LEU; (44) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E71 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or SER; (45) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K72 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, THR, or VAL; (46) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E75 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, PRO, or SER; (47) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E76 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, or PRO; (48) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D77 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, or SER; (49) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K78 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, LEU, or MET; (50) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I80 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or LEU; (51) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D84 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, GLY, or PRO; (52) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H85 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (53) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L89 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY, or SER; (54) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q92 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, GLY, MET, or PRO; (55) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D93 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (56) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E94 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, LEU, or TYR; (57) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S96 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, or GLU; (58) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P97 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or GLU; (59) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T98 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, TRP, or VAL; (60) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N101 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, LYS, SER, or THR; (61) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K102 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, TRP, or TYR; (62) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K104 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, ILE, PHE, or VAL; (63) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D105 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, or ILE; (64) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R108 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (65) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F, 110 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TYR; (66) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S113 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (67) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y115 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE; (68) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K116 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, SER, THR, TRP, or TYR; (69) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K117 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, MET, TRP, or VAL; (70) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H119 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, GLY, PRO, or SER; (71) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D121 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASN; (72) the amino acid residue corresponding to position C122 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLU, GLY, LYS, THR, or VAL; (73) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S123 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, MET, or THR; (74) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M124 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or LYS; (75) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P125 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (76) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L126 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS; (77) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S127 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (78) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D128 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY; (79) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D129 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, or TRP; (80) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P130 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (81) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K131 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, SER, or TYR; (82) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V132 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLU, SER, THR, or TYR; (83) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P134 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, or HIS; (84) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y135 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, LEU, LYS, MET, PRO, THR, or TRP; (85) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E136 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, PRO, SER, THR, or TRP; (86) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K137 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, THR, TRP, or VAL; (87) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E140 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, ILE, or LEU; (88) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R141 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLN, HIS, LEU, TRP, or TYR; (89) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T142 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (90) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R143 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or VAL; (91) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E144 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or ILE; (92) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F146 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS; (93) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E147 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, or LYS; (94) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I148 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, or VAL; (95) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E150 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ARG; (96) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E151 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (97) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T152 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, HIS, TYR, or VAL; (98) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A153 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLY, or SER; (99) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R154 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, PRO, SER, or THR; (100) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K155 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, GLU, GLY, HIS, PRO, THR, TRP, or TYR; (101) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y156 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, MET, PHE, THR, or VAL; (102) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N157 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or PRO; (103) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F158 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLU, LEU, THR, or VAL; (104) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q159 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLU, GLY, LEU, THR, or TRP; (105) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P160 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLU, ILE, LEU, MET, PHE, SER, or THR; (106) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V161 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, ILE, TRP, or TYR; (107) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T166 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE, LEU, or MET; (108) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D167 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, GLN, THR, or VAL; (109) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V168 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or MET; (110) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I170 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LYS, MET, or THR; (111) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A171 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (112) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G173 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (113) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E175 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LYS, or VAL; (114) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E176 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE, or TYR; (115) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G178 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (116) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V179 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ILE; (117) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V182 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, LYS, or PRO; (118) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D184 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (119) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S187 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, LYS, or THR; (120) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A188 of SEQ ID NO:6 is MET, PHE, or THR; (121) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I189 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (122) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S190 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, or TYR; (123) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S191 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, THR, TRP, TYR, or VAL; (124) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L192 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS, or PHE; (125) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K193 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, PHE, or TYR; (126) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K194 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, SER, or THR; (127) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y195 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLN, or HIS; (128) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N197 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, LYS, PRO, or SER; (129) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D198 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LYS; (130) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V199 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS, HIS, ILE, or LEU; (131) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P200 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, GLY, LEU, or MET; (132) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N201 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, or LYS; (133) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I202 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or MET; (134) the amino acid residue corresponding to position W203 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, HIS, LEU, PHE, or TYR; (135) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D204 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, or SER; (136) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R205 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, or LEU; (137) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G208 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (138) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V210 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO, or THR; (139) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I211 of SEQ ID NO:6 is VAL; (140) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M212 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, or LYS; (141) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L213 of SEQ ID NO:6 is MET; (142) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I215 of SEQ ID NO:6 is VAL; (143) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G216 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, or THR; (144) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S218 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY, or THR; (145) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y219 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLY, or HIS; (146) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D220 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, or THR; (147) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K221 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, THR, or VAL; (148) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V222 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (149) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E224 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, MET, or TYR; (150) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D228 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or SER; (151) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K229 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, SER, or THR; (152) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V230 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (153) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R231 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLU, LEU, or PHE; (154) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G232 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, LYS, or PRO; (155) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I233 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (156) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L234 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or MET; (157) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E235 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or TRP; (158) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V237 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (159) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K238 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, SER, or TRP; (160) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R239 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (161) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E240 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, HIS, MET, THR, TYR, or VAL; (162) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D241 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLN, GLY, or PRO; (163) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L242 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (164) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V244 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (165) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E245 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLN; (166) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G246 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, CYS, or VAL; (167) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H247 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (168) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T249 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (169) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D250 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASN; (170) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A253 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, PRO, SER, or THR; (171) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y255 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLN, GLU, or LYS; (172) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A256 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (173) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R258 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or LEU; (174) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N259 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLU, or TRP; (175) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E262 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or LEU; (176) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R266 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or VAL; (177) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K269 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ILE, LEU, or VAL; (178) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G271 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASP; (179) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A273 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (180) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R280 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (181) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G281 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (182) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V282 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (183) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L284 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LYS; (184) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S286 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, or VAL; (185) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N287 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, or PHE; (186) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D290 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, LYS, or PHE; (187) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E291 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ASP; (188) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I292 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, or LEU; (189) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E295 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (190) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R296 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, or TYR; (191) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E297 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLY, HIS, LEU, or LYS; (192) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S299 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLN; (193) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N300 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or GLU; (194) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K302 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, MET, or PRO; (195) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R303 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLN, or GLU; (196) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E307 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or GLN; (197) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D313 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (198) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y315 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (199) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K318 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, or GLU; (200) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K321 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, HIS, SER, or THR; (201) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D322 of SEQ ID NO:6 is THR; (202) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S323 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or GLY; (203) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K324 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, HIS, PRO, SER, or TRP; (204) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R325 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, ASP, GLN, GLU, GLY, SER, or TRP; (205) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L326 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (206) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E327 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ILE, or TYR; (207) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L328 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, PHE, TRP, or TYR; (208) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I330 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (209) the amino acid residue corresponding to position W331 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, HIS, LEU, or PHE; (210) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N333 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or SER; (211) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L334 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TYR; (212) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R339 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLU, GLY, or THR; (213) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y340 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, HIS, PHE, or PRO; (214) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E343 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, GLN, LEU, MET, or TYR; (215) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y344 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (216) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E345 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or PRO; (217) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K348 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, TRP, TYR, or VAL; (218) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M349 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, CYS, GLN, GLU, ILE, LYS, THR, TRP, or TYR; (219) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V350 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (220) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N352 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, or MET; (221) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K353 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, or TRP; (222) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E356 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or TRP; (223) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N357 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (224) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F358 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (225) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E360 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP; (226) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G361 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or PRO; (227) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V362 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (228) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D363 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS, or PRO; (229) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I364 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, LEU, MET, PRO, or TRP; (230) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K365 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLU, HIS, SER, or THR; (231) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F366 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, HIS, LEU, or TYR; (232) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y368 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or LEU; (233) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q369 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or LEU; (234) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y370 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (235) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y372 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (236) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D373 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLU, or LEU; (237) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S374 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, CYS, GLN, or THR; (238) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y375 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or TRP; (239) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F376 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, or LYS; (240) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D377 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, HIS, or SER; (241) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R379 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS; (242) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E380 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, or LEU; (243) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K382 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, GLU, or LEU; (244) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M383 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (245) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K384 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, SER, or THR; (246) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N385 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO, or THR; (247) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D386 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (248) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R388 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (249) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E389 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ASP; (250) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K392 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLU, HIS, LEU, MET, PHE, or TYR; (251) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K393 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, PHE, THR, TRP, or TYR; (252) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K396 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, MET, or PHE; (253) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R397 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, LYS, or SER; (254) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E400 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, LEU, or TYR; (255) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S403 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLU, HIS, LEU, PHE, THR, TRP, or TYR; (256) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N407 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, PHE, TRP, or TYR; or (257) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L408 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLY, THR, or TRP; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: L3E, L3T, S4M, S4D, S4R, S4L, S4Q, S4N, S4E, S4P, K5F, K5M, K5L, K5R, K5W, K5H, K5Q, K5V, K5A, D6R, D6L, D6H, D6Q, D6N, D6A, D6E, Y7W, Y7H, Y7N, L8N, L8G, R9L, R9T, R9H, R9Q, R9E, R9I, K10M, K10D, K10R, K10L, K10V, K10N, K10A, K10E, K10P, K11F, K11L, K11R, K11Y, K11W, K11V, K11Q, K11H, K11E, K11I, V13I, Y14F, S15A, I16V, C17S, C17L, C17R, C17T, C17G, C17V, C17A, C17I, S18N, S18A, S19N, S21K, S21R, S21Q, S21E, S21P, Y22W, E25R, E251, S27C, S27A, E29Q, E29R, E291, E29L, F30H, F30T, F30A, K32S, K32M, K32L, K32R, K32Q, K32A, K32I, E33R, E33T, E33H, E33Q, E33N, E33D, K34F, K34S, K34M, K34R, K34L, K34Y, K34T, K34H, K34Q, K34V, K34E, K34D, K34I, G35D, G35N, G35H, G35S, D36F, D36S, D36R, D36L, D36Y, D36T, D36W, D36H, D36Q, D36N, D36E, Y37D, Y37P, Y37R, Y37E, E41Q, E41A, H45F, H45K, H45Q, H45A, Q46S, Q46R, Q46T, Q46W, Q46A, Q49F, Q49H, Q49I, Q49W, F50Q, F50H, F50R, F50S, Y53F, Y53V, Y53S, Y53A, S54T, M56W, E59R, E59S, E59T, K62V, K62R, K62Y, K62A, N63E, N63D, N63R, N63Q, F64E, F64L, M66F, M66E, M66Y, K67S, K67R, K67T, K67Q, K67E, K67D, K70D, K70Q, K70R, K70L, E71Q, E71R, E71S, K72L, K72R, K72T, K72V, K72Q, K72H, K72E, K72I, E75D, E75P, E75R, E75S, E76P, E76L, E76R, D77N, D77R, D77S, K78M, K78R, K78L, K78Q, K78D, I80Q, I80R, I80L, D84P, D84N, D84G, D84A, H85A, L89S, L89G, Q92M, Q92D, Q92G, Q92A, Q92P, D93H, E94Q, E94R, E94Y, E94L, S96E, S96R, S96A, P97E, P97D, T98R, T98W, T98V, T98Q, T98E, T98I, N101S, N101D, N101R, N101T, N101H, N101Q, N101A, N101E, N101K, K102L, K102R, K102Y, K102W, K102Q, K102E, K104F, K104R, K104V, K104Q, K104N, K104E, K104I, D105E, D105Q, D105I, R108I, F110Y, S113A, Y115F, K116S, K116R, K116L, K116Y, K116T, K116W, K116H, K116Q, K116E, K116D, K116I, K117M, K117L, K117R, K117W, K117V, H119S, H119G, H119N, H119A, H119P, D121N, D121A, C122R, C122G, C122T, C122V, C122A, C122E, C122K, S123M, S123R, S123T, S123A, M124K, M124R, P125A, L126C, S127A, D128G, D129R, D129L, D129W, D129Q, D129E, P130S, K131S, K131R, K131L, K131Y, K131Q, K131A, K131E, K131D, V132S, V132R, V132Y, V132T, V132E, P134D, P134H, P134A, Y135K, Y135M, Y135D, Y135L, Y135R, Y135T, Y135W, Y135Q, Y135N, Y135P, E136S, E136R, E136P, E136W, E136T, E136Q, E136D, K137L, K137R, K137T, K137W, K137V, K137Q, K137E, K137I, E140D, E140R, E140I, E140L, R141L, R141Y, R141W, R141H, R141Q, R141D, T142E, R143V, R143A, E144Q, E144D, E144R, E144I, F146C, E147Q, E147K, E147R, E147A, I148E, I148V, I148D, E150R, E150A, E151R, T152R, T152Y, T152V, T152H, T152Q, T152A, A153Q, A153R, A153G, A153S, R154S, R154T, R154Q, R154E, R154P, K155R, K155Y, K155P, K155T, K155H, K155N, K155Q, K155G, K155W, K155E, K155D, Y156F, Y156M, Y156R, Y156T, Y156V, Y156Q, Y156E, Y156D, N157E, N157D, N157R, N157P, F158R, F158L, F158T, F158V, F158N, F158E, Q159R, Q159L, Q159G, Q159T, Q159W, Q159E, P160F, P160S, P160M, P160L, P160R, P160T, P160A, P160E, P160I, V161E, V161I, V161Y, V161W, T166M, T166L, T166I, D167T, D167V, D167Q, D167N, D167A, V168M, V168R, I170M, I170K, I170T, A171P, G173S, E175K, E175V, E175R, E176F, E176Y, G178P, V179R, V179I, V182P, V182K, V182A, D184E, S187R, S187T, S187N, S187Q, S187A, S187E, S187K, A188M, A188F, A188T, I189L, S190E, S190D, S190Y, S191L, S191R, S191Y, S191T, S191W, S191V, S191H, S191Q, S191A, S191E, S191I, L192F, L192H, K193F, K193R, K193L, K193Y, K193Q, K193A, K193E, K193I, K194S, K194R, K194L, K194T, K194Q, K194A, K194E, K194D, Y195H, Y195Q, Y195A, N197S, N197D, N197R, N197L, N197P, N197Q, N197A, N197E, N197K, D198K, V199H, V199L, V199I, V199C, P200M, P200L, P200R, P200G, P200E, P200D, N201Q, N201K, N201R, N201E, I202M, I202A, W203F, W203R, W203L, W203Y, W203H, W203A, D204N, D204R, D204S, R205Q, R205L, G208A, V210P, V210T, I211V, M212K, M212L, M212R, L213M, I215V, G216N, G216R, G216T, S218T, S218G, Y219D, Y219H, Y219R, Y219G, D220Q, D220R, D220E, D220T, K221R, K221T, K221V, K221Q, K221E, K221I, V222I, E224M, E224Q, E224Y, D228E, D228S, K229S, K229R, K229T, K229N, K229Q, K229A, K229E, V230A, R231E, R231L, R231F, R231A, G232D, G232R, G232P, G232E, G232K, I233L, L234M, L234A, E235W, E235R, V237L, K238S, K238R, K238W, K238Q, K238E, R239S, E240M, E240Y, E240T, E240V, E240N, E240H, E240D, D241R, D241G, D241Q, D241N, D241P, L242W, V244L, E245Q, E245A, G246C, G246V, G246A, H247A, T249S, D250N, D250A, A253S, A253P, A253T, A253N, A253D, Y255E, Y255D, Y255Q, Y255K, A256L, R258E, R258L, N259R, N259W, N259A, N259E, N259D, E262Q, E262R, E262L, R266V, R266A, K269L, K269R, K269V, K269N, K269I, G271D, G271A, A273W, R280E, G281A, V282I, L284K, S286D, S286V, S286A, N287F, N287R, N287L, N287H, N287Q, N287E, N287D, D290F, D290R, D290Q, D290N, D290A, D290E, D290K, E291D, E291R, I292Q, I292L, I292E, E295P, R296E, R296D, R296Y, E297R, E297L, E297G, E297H, E297Q, E297K, S299Q, S299A, N300E, N300D, N300Q, N300R, K302M, K302L, K302R, K302Q, K302E, K302P, K302I, R303E, R303D, R303Q, E307Q, E307R, D313P, Y315W, K318E, K318D, K318R, K318N, K321S, K321R, K321T, K321H, K321E, K321D, D322T, S323D, S323G, K324S, K324R, K324P, K324W, K324H, K324E, K324D, R325S, R325G, R325W, R325N, R325Q, R325A, R325E, R325D, L326H, E327R, E327I, E327Y, L328F, L328R, L328Y, L328W, L328E, L328D, I330L, W331E, W331H, W331L, W331F, N333A, N333S, L334Y, R339E, R339T, R339A, R339G, Y340F, Y340R, Y340H, Y340A, Y340P, E343M, E343L, E343Y, E343Q, E343N, E343D, Y344H, E345D, E345P, K348R, K348L, K348Y, K348W, K348V, K348Q, K348A, K348E, M349R, M349Y, M349C, M349T, M349W, M349N, M349Q, M349A, M349E, M349K, M349I, V350A, N352M, N352R, N352L, N352Q, N352E, K353R, K353L, K353W, K353H, K353Q, K353A, K353E, E356W, E356R, N357H, F358L, E360D, G361D, G361P, V362I, D363P, D363H, I364M, I364L, I364W, I364E, I364P, K365S, K365R, K365T, K365H, K365N, K365E, K365D, F366H, F366L, F366R, F366Y, Y368R, Y368L, Q369E, Q369D, Q369R, Q369L, Y370H, Y372P, D373R, D373L, D373N, D373A, D373E, S374C, S374Q, S374T, S374A, Y375W, Y375A, F376R, F376H, F376Q, F376E, F376K, D377S, D377R, D377H, D377N, D377A, R379C, E380D, E380N, E380R, E380L, K382R, K382L, K382N, K382Q, K382E, K382D, M383L, K384S, K384L, K384R, K384T, K384Q, K384E, K384D, N385P, N385T, D386H, R388E, E389D, E389R, K392F, K392M, K392R, K392L, K392Y, K392H, K392E, K393F, K393L, K393R, K393Y, K393T, K393W, K393H, K393Q, K393A, K393E, K396F, K396M, K396L, K396R, K396Q, K396A, K396E, K396I, R397S, R397L, R397H, R397Q, R397E, R397K, R397I, E400Q, E400R, E400Y, E400L, S403F, S403R, S403L, S403Y, S403T, S403W, S403H, S403A, S403E, N407F, N407R, N407L, N407Y, N407W, N407H, N407Q, N407E, N407D, N407I, L408R, L408T, L408G, L408W, L408N, or L408D; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position C17, S18, E41, T43, P44, H45, Q46, Y53, D84, H85, L89, Q92, H119, D121, C122, S123, M124, T166, D167, V168, P169, I170, A171, G172, G173, G174, E175, E176, E177, G178, V210, M212, F217, E245, H247, S248, T249, D250, K269, V270, G271, P272, Y319, L335, D336, R337, R339, or Y340 of SEQ ID NO: 6; or combinations thereof.

In further embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: (1) the amino acid residue corresponding to position C17 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or THR; (2) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S18 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASN; (3) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E41 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLN; (4) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H45 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLN, LYS, or PHE; (5) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q46 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, SER, THR, or TRP; (6) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y53 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, PHE, SER, or VAL; (7) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D84 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, GLY, or PRO; (8) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H85 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (9) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L89 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY, or SER; (10) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q92 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, GLY, MET, or PRO; (11) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H119 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, GLY, PRO, or SER; (12) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D121 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASN; (13) the amino acid residue corresponding to position C122 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, GLY, or LYS; (14) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S123 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, MET, or THR; (15) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M124 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or LYS; (16) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T166 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE, LEU, or MET; (17) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D167 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, GLN, THR, or VAL; (18) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V168 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or MET; (19) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I170 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LYS, MET, or THR; (20) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A171 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (21) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G173 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (22) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E175 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LYS, or VAL; (23) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E176 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE, or TYR; (24) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G178 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (25) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V210 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO, or THR; (26) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M212 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, or LYS; (27) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E245 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLN; (28) the amino acid residue corresponding to position H247 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (29) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T249 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (30) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D250 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASN; (31) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G271 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ASP; (32) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R339 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLU, GLY, or THR; or (33) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y340 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, HIS, PHE, or PRO; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: C17A, C17T, S18A, S18N, E41A, E41Q, H45F, H45A, H45K, H45Q, Q46R, Q46S, Q46A, Q46W, Q46T, Y53F, Y53A, Y53S, Y53V, D84G, D84A, D84N, D84P, H85A, L89G, L89S, Q92M, Q92D, Q92P, Q92G, Q92A, H119N, H119S, H119P, H119G, H119A, D121A, D121N, C122G, C122K, C122E, S123A, S123M, S123R, S123T, M124K, M124R, T166L, T166M, T166I, D167N, D167V, D167A, D167Q, D167T, V168M, V168R, I170M, I170K, I170T, A171P, G173S, E175K, E175V, E175R, E176F, E176Y, G178P, V210P, V210T, M212L, M212K, M212R, E245A, E245Q, H247A, T249S, D250A, D250N, G271D, G271A, R339G, R339A, R339E, R339T, Y340F, Y340H, Y340R, Y340P, or Y340A; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position V13, Y14, S15, 116, 519, 521, Y22, S27, F30, K34, G35, D36, Y37, S54, K62, N63, M66, K67, K72, E75, E76, D77, K78, D93, S96, P97, T98, N101, D105, F110, S113, Y115, L126, S127, D128, D129, K131, Y135, E136, E140, T142, R143, E144, F146, E147, 1148, E151, T152, R154, P160, V179, V182, D184, S187, A188, I189, S190, S191, L192, Y195, N197, D198, V199, P200, N201, I202, D204, G208, 1211, L213, I215, S218, Y219, V230, G232, I233, L234, V237, E240, D241, L242, V244, G246, A253, Y255, A256, N259, E262, R266, A273, R280, G281, V282, L284, S286, N287, D290, E291, I292, E295, R296, E297, K302, R303, K321, K324, R325, E327, L328, I330, W331, N333, L334, E343, Y344, E345, M349, V350, N352, K353, F358, E360, V362, D363, 1364, K365, F366, Y372, D373, S374, F376, D377, R379, M383, N385, K393, R397, or S403 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In further embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: (1) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V13 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (2) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y14 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE; (3) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S15 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (4) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I16 of SEQ ID NO:6 is VAL; (5) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S19 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN; (6) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S21 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, LYS, or PRO; (7) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y22 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (8) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S27 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or CYS; (9) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F30 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (10) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K34 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, MET, or TYR; (11) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G35 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or HIS; (12) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D36 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER, or THR; (13) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y37 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (14) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S54 of SEQ ID NO:6 is THR; (15) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K62 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (16) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N63 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (17) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M66 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE, or TYR; (18) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K67 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN; (19) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K72 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU, or VAL; (20) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E75 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (21) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E76 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (22) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D77 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN; (23) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K78 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (24) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D93 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (25) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S96 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLU; (26) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P97 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or GLU; (27) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T98 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, or GLU; (28) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N101 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLU, or LYS; (29) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D105 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (30) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F110 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TYR; (31) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S113 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (32) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y115 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE; (33) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L126 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS; (34) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S127 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (35) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D128 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY; (36) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D129 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (37) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K131 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (38) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y135 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, GLN, LEU, LYS, MET, PRO, or THR; (39) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E136 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP; (40) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E140 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (41) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T142 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (42) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R143 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or VAL; (43) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E144 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (44) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F146 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS; (45) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E147 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or LYS; (46) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I148 of SEQ ID NO:6 is VAL; (47) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E151 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (48) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T152 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (49) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R154 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN; (50) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P160 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLU; (51) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V179 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (52) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V182 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, LYS, or PRO; (53) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D184 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (54) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S187 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLU, LYS, or THR; (55) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A188 of SEQ ID NO:6 is MET, PHE, or THR; (56) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I189 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (57) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S190 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or GLU; (58) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S191 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ILE, LEU, THR, TYR, or VAL; (59) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L192 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS, or PHE; (60) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y195 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (61) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N197 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, GLN, GLU, or LYS; (62) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D198 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LYS; (63) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V199 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS, HIS, ILE, or LEU; (64) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P200 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY; (65) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N201 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or LYS; (66) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I202 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or MET; (67) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D204 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN; (68) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G208 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (69) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I211 of SEQ ID NO:6 is VAL; (70) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L213 of SEQ ID NO:6 is MET; (71) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I215 of SEQ ID NO:6 is VAL; (72) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S218 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY; (73) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y219 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or HIS; (74) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V230 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (75) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G232 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, LYS, or PRO; (76) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I233 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (77) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L234 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or MET; (78) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V237 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (79) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E240 of SEQ ID NO:6 is THR; (80) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D241 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLY, or PRO; (81) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L242 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (82) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V244 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (83) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G246 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, CYS, or VAL; (84) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A253 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, PRO, SER, or THR; (85) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y255 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLN, GLU, or LYS; (86) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A256 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (87) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N259 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLU, or TRP; (88) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E262 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN; (89) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R266 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or VAL; (90) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A273 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (91) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R280 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (92) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G281 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (93) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V282 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (94) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L284 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LYS; (95) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S286 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, or VAL; (96) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N287 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP; (97) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D290 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASN, GLN, or LYS; (98) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E291 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP; (99) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I292 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (100) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E295 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (101) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R296 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, or TYR; (102) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E297 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLY, HIS, or LYS; (103) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K302 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (104) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R303 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (105) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K321 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, HIS, or THR; (106) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K324 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or GLU; (107) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R325 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, GLN, or GLU; (108) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E327 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (109) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L328 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PHE, or TRP; (110) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I330 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (111) the amino acid residue corresponding to position W331 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (112) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N333 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or SER; (113) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L334 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TYR; (114) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E343 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN; (115) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y344 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (116) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E345 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (117) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M349 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, CYS, GLU, LYS, or THR; (118) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V350 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (119) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N352 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (120) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K353 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (121) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F358 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (122) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E360 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP; (123) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V362 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (124) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D363 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (125) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I364 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (126) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K365 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or THR; (127) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F366 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (128) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y372 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (129) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D373 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (130) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S374 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, CYS, GLN, or THR; (131) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F376 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, or LYS; (132) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D377 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (133) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R379 of SEQ ID NO:6 is CYS; (134) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M383 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LEU; (135) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N385 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (136) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K393 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (137) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R397 of SEQ ID NO:6 is LYS; or (138) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S403 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, HIS, or TYR; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: V13I, Y14F, S15A, I16V, S19N, S21P, S21E, S21K, Y22W, S27A, S27C, F30H, K34D, K34M, K34R, K34Y, G35D, G35H, D36T, D36S, Y37P, S54T, K62R, N63R, M66F, M66Y, K67Q, K72V, K72L, E75P, E76P, D77N, K78R, D93H, S96E, S96A, P97D, P97E, T98E, T98Q, N101E, N101A, N101K, D105E, F110Y, S113A, Y115F, L126C, S127A, D128G, D129E, K131A, Y135P, Y135Q, Y135K, Y135N, Y135T, Y135M, Y135D, Y135L, E136D, E140I, T142E, R143V, R143A, E144R, F146C, E147R, E147K, I148V, E151R, T152A, R154Q, P160E, P160A, V179I, V182P, V182A, V182K, D184E, S187K, S187N, S187T, S187E, S187R, A188F, A188M, A188T, I189L, S190D, S190E, S191I, S191T, S191V, S191Y, S191A, S191L, L192F, L192H, Y195A, N197Q, N197K, N197E, N197D, N197A, D198K, V199I, V199H, V199L, V199C, P200G, N201R, N201Q, N201K, I202M, I202A, D204N, G208A, I211V, L213M, I215V, S218G, Y219D, Y219H, V230A, G232D, G232E, G232K, G232P, I233L, L234M, L234A, V237L, E240T, D241P, D241G, L242W, V244L, G246V, G246A, G246C, A253P, A253N, A253T, A253D, A253S, Y255D, Y255E, Y255Q, Y255K, A256L, N259R, N259E, N259W, N259D, N259A, E262Q, R266V, R266A, A273W, R280E, G281A, V282I, L284K, S286V, S286D, S286A, N287D, D290N, D290A, D290Q, D290K, E291D, I292L, E295P, R296D, R296E, R296Y, E297Q, E297K, E297G, E297H, E297R, K302L, R303E, K321T, K321H, K321R, K324D, K324E, R325D, R325N, R325E, R325Q, E327R, L328F, L328W, I330L, W331H, N333A, N333S, L334Y, E343N, Y344H, E345P, M349K, M349C, M349T, M349E, M349R, M349A, V350A, N352E, K353R, F358L, E360D, V362I, D363P, I364W, K365T, K365R, F366L, Y372P, D373A, S374T, S374Q, S374A, S374C, F376Q, F376K, F376E, F376H, F376R, D377A, R379C, M383L, N385P, K393H, R397K, S403H, S403Y, or S403A; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position K5, K10, K11, C17, K32, K34, K62, K67, K70, K72, K78, K102, K104, K116, K117, C122, K131, K137, K155, K193, K194, K221, K229, K238, K269, K302, K318, K321, K324, K348, K353, K365, K382, K384, K392, K393, or K396 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In further embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: (1) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K5 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, HIS, LEU, MET, PHE, or TRP; (2) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K10 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, LEU, MET, or VAL; (3) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K11 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, TYR, or VAL; (4) the amino acid residue corresponding to position C17 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLY, ILE, LEU, SER, THR, or VAL; (5) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K32 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, ILE, LEU, MET, or SER; (6) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K34 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, MET, PHE, THR, or TYR; (7) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K62 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, TYR, or VAL; (8) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K67 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, SER, or THR; (9) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K70 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or GLN; (10) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K72 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ILE, LEU, THR, or VAL; (11) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K78 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, LEU, or MET; (12) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K102 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, or TYR; (13) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K104 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLN, ILE, PHE, or VAL; (14) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K116 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, HIS, ILE, LEU, SER, THR, TRP, or TYR; (15) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K117 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, MET, TRP, or VAL; (16) the amino acid residue corresponding to position C122 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, THR, or VAL; (17) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K131 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, or TYR; (18) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K137 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, or THR; (19) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K155 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLU, HIS, or TYR; (20) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K193 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, or ILE; (21) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K194 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLU, SER, or THR; (22) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K221 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, ILE, THR, or VAL; (23) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K229 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLN, SER, or THR; (24) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K238 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, SER, or TRP; (25) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K269 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ILE, LEU, or VAL; (26) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K302 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, ILE, LEU, or MET; (27) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K318 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, or GLU; (28) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K321 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ASP; (29) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K324 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or SER; (30) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K348 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, or VAL; (31) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K353 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, LEU, or TRP; (32) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K365 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, HIS, or SER; (33) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K382 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, or LEU; (34) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K384 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, SER, or THR; (35) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K392 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, or MET; (36) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K393 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, HIS, LEU, PHE, or TYR; or (37) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K396 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ILE, LEU, MET, or PHE; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: K5H, K5M, K5L, K5A, K5R, K5W, K5F, K10M, K10L, K10R, K10A, K10V, K10N, K11Q, K11Y, K11E, K11L, K11R, K11V, C17T, C17I, C17L, C17A, C17R, C17V, C17G, C17S, K32Q, K32I, K32M, K32L, K32R, K32S, K34T, K34Q, K34Y, K34E, K34H, K34M, K34L, K34R, K34F, K62R, K62Y, K62V, K67R, K67T, K67Q, K67S, K70R, K70Q, K72T, K72I, K72L, K72R, K72V, K78R, K78Q, K78M, K78L, K102R, K102Y, K102L, K104Q, K104I, K104R, K104V, K104N, K104F, K116T, K116Q, K116Y, K116H, K116I, K116L, K116R, K116W, K116S, K117M, K117L, K117R, K117V, K117W, C122R, C122T, C122A, C122V, K131Q, K131Y, K131E, K131L, K131R, K137T, K137Q, K137E, K137I, K137L, K137R, K155Y, K155E, K155H, K155R, K155D, K155N, K193Q, K193E, K193I, K193R, K193A, K194T, K194E, K194R, K194A, K194S, K221Q, K221T, K221I, K221R, K221V, K229T, K229Q, K229R, K229A, K229N, K229S, K238R, K238W, K238S, K269I, K269L, K269R, K269V, K269N, K302Q, K302I, K302M, K302L, K302R, K318R, K318D, K318E, K321R, K321D, K324R, K324D, K324E, K324S, K348V, K348R, K348L, K353W, K353R, K353Q, K353L, K365R, K365H, K365S, K382R, K382N, K382L, K384T, K384Q, K384E, K384L, K384D, K384R, K384S, K392R, K392M, K392L, K393Y, K393H, K393L, K393R, K393F, K396I, K396M, K396L, K396R, or K396F; or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications at the amino acid residue corresponding to position L3, S4, K5, D6, Y7, L8, R9, K10, K11, S21, Y22, E25, E29, F30, K32, E33, K34, G35, D36, Y37, Q49, F50, M56, E59, K62, N63, F64, M66, K67, K70, E71, K72, E75, E76, D77, K78, 180, E94, S96, T98, N101, K102, K104, D105, R108, K116, P125, D129, P130, K131, V132, P134, Y135, E136, K137, E140, R141, E144, E147, 1148, E150, E151, T152, A153, R154, K155, Y156, N157, F158, Q159, P160, V161, V179, S187, S190, S191, K193, K194, Y195, N197, P200, N201, W203, D204, R205, G216, S218, Y219, D220, K221, V222, E224, D228, K229, R231, G232, E235, K238, R239, E240, D241, R258, E262, N287, D290, E291, I292, E297, S299, N300, K302, R303, E307, D313, Y315, K318, K321, D322, S323, K324, R325, L326, E327, L328, W331, E343, E345, K348, M349, N352, K353, E356, N357, G361, D363, 1364, K365, F366, Y368, Q369, Y370, D373, Y375, F376, D377, E380, K382, K384, N385, D386, R388, E389, K392, K393, K396, R397, E400, S403, N407, or L408 of SEQ ID NO:6; or combinations thereof.

In further embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: (1) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L3 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or THR; (2) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S4 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, MET, or PRO; (3) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K5 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, HIS, LEU, PHE, or VAL; (4) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D6 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, HIS, or LEU; (5) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y7 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, HIS, or TRP; (6) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L8 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, or GLY; (7) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R9 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, or THR; (8) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K10 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, ASP, GLU, or PRO; (9) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K11 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, PHE, TRP, TYR, or VAL; (10) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S21 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, or PRO; (11) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y22 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (12) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E25 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ILE; (13) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E29 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, ILE, or LEU; (14) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F30 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, HIS, or THR; (15) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K32 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, ILE, LEU, or MET; (16) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E33 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, HIS, or THR; (17) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K34 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, HIS, ILE, LEU, MET, PHE, SER, THR, TYR, or VAL; (18) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G35 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, HIS, or SER; (19) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D36 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, PHE, SER, THR, TRP, or TYR; (20) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y37 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or PRO; (21) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q49 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS, ILE, PHE, or TRP; (22) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F50 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, HIS, or SER; (23) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M56 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (24) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E59 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, SER, or THR; (25) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K62 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ARG; (26) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N63 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or GLU; (27) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F64 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or LEU; (28) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M66 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, PHE, or TYR; (29) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K67 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, SER, or THR; (30) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K70 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or LEU; (31) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E71 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or SER; (32) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K72 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, or THR; (33) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E75 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, or SER; (34) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E76 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, LEU, or PRO; (35) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D77 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, or SER; (36) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K78 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, LEU, or MET; (37) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I80 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or LEU; (38) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E94 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, LEU, or TYR; (39) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S96 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, or GLU; (40) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T98 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, TRP, or VAL; (41) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N101 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, SER, or THR; (42) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K102 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, TRP, or TYR; (43) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K104 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or GLU; (44) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D105 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, or ILE; (45) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R108 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (46) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K116 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, THR, TRP, or TYR; (47) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P125 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA; (48) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D129 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, or TRP; (49) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P130 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (50) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K131 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, SER, or TYR; (51) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V132 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLU, SER, THR, or TYR; (52) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P134 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, or HIS; (53) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y135 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, LEU, or TRP; (54) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E136 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, PRO, SER, THR, or TRP; (55) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K137 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, TRP, or VAL; (56) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E140 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, ILE, or LEU; (57) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R141 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLN, HIS, LEU, TRP, or TYR; (58) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E144 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or ILE; (59) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E147 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, or GLN; (60) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I148 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, or VAL; (61) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E150 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or ARG; (62) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E151 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (63) the amino acid residue corresponding to position T152 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, HIS, TYR, or VAL; (64) the amino acid residue corresponding to position A153 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLY, or SER; (65) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R154 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, PRO, SER, or THR; (66) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K155 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLN, GLU, GLY, PRO, THR, or TRP; (67) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y156 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, MET, PHE, THR, or VAL; (68) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N157 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or PRO; (69) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F158 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLU, LEU, THR, or VAL; (70) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q159 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLU, GLY, LEU, THR, or TRP; (71) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P160 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLU, ILE, LEU, MET, PHE, SER, or THR; (72) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V161 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, ILE, TRP, or TYR; (73) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V179 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ILE; (74) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S187 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, or GLN; (75) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S190 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, or TYR; (76) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S191 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, THR, TRP, or TYR; (77) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K193 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, PHE, or TYR; (78) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K194 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, or LEU; (79) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y195 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLN, or HIS; (80) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N197 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, PRO, or SER; (81) the amino acid residue corresponding to position P200 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, LEU, or MET; (82) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N201 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or GLU; (83) the amino acid residue corresponding to position W203 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, HIS, LEU, PHE, or TYR; (84) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D204 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, or SER; (85) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R205 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, or LEU; (86) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G216 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, or THR; (87) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S218 of SEQ ID NO:6 is THR; (88) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y219 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or GLY; (89) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D220 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, or THR; (90) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K221 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, THR, or VAL; (91) the amino acid residue corresponding to position V222 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ILE; (92) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E224 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, MET, or TYR; (93) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D228 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or SER; (94) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K229 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, GLN, or GLU; (95) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R231 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, GLU, LEU, or PHE; (96) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G232 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLU, or PRO; (97) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E235 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or TRP; (98) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K238 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, SER, or TRP; (99) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R239 of SEQ ID NO:6 is SER; (100) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E240 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, HIS, MET, THR, TYR, or VAL; (101) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D241 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLN, or PRO; (102) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R258 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, or LEU; (103) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E262 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or LEU; (104) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N287 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, LEU, or PHE; (105) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D290 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, or PHE; (106) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E291 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG; (107) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I292 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, or GLU; (108) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E297 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, HIS, or LEU; (109) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S299 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or GLN; (110) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N300 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, or GLU; (111) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K302 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, LEU, MET, or PRO; (112) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R303 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLN, or GLU; (113) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E307 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or GLN; (114) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D313 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO; (115) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y315 of SEQ ID NO:6 is TRP; (116) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K318 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, or ASP; (117) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K321 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or SER; (118) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D322 of SEQ ID NO:6 is THR; (119) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S323 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or GLY; (120) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K324 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, GLU, HIS, PRO, or TRP; (121) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R325 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ASP, GLN, GLU, GLY, SER, or TRP; (122) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L326 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (123) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E327 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ILE, or TYR; (124) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L328 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, TRP, or TYR; (125) the amino acid residue corresponding to position W331 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, LEU, or PHE; (126) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E343 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASN, ASP, GLN, LEU, MET, or TYR; (127) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E345 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or PRO; (128) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K348 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, TRP, or TYR; (129) the amino acid residue corresponding to position M349 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLN, GLU, ILE, THR, TRP, or TYR; (130) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N352 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, GLU, LEU, or MET; (131) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K353 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, or LEU; (132) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E356 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or TRP; (133) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N357 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (134) the amino acid residue corresponding to position G361 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ASP, or PRO; (135) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D363 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS, or PRO; (136) the amino acid residue corresponding to position I364 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU, LEU, MET, or PRO; (137) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K365 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLU, or SER; (138) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F366 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, HIS, LEU, or TYR; (139) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y368 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or LEU; (140) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Q369 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLU, or LEU; (141) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y370 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (142) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D373 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, GLU, or LEU; (143) the amino acid residue corresponding to position Y375 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, or TRP; (144) the amino acid residue corresponding to position F376 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, or GLU; (145) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D377 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, ASN, HIS, or SER; (146) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E380 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, or LEU; (147) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K382 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLN, GLU, or LEU; (148) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K384 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, LEU, SER, or THR; (149) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N385 of SEQ ID NO:6 is PRO, or THR; (150) the amino acid residue corresponding to position D386 of SEQ ID NO:6 is HIS; (151) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R388 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLU; (152) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E389 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, or ASP; (153) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K392 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLU, HIS, LEU, PHE, or TYR; (154) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K393 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, HIS, THR, TRP, or TYR; (155) the amino acid residue corresponding to position K396 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLN, GLU, ILE, or MET; (156) the amino acid residue corresponding to position R397 of SEQ ID NO:6 is GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, or SER; (157) the amino acid residue corresponding to position E400 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, GLN, LEU, or TYR; (158) the amino acid residue corresponding to position S403 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ALA, ARG, GLU, LEU, PHE, THR, TRP, or TYR; (159) the amino acid residue corresponding to position N407 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASP, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, LEU, PHE, TRP, or TYR; or (160) the amino acid residue corresponding to position L408 of SEQ ID NO:6 is ARG, ASN, ASP, GLY, THR, or TRP; or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises one or more of modifications: L3E, L3T, S4L, S4D, S4R, S4N, S4P, S4E, S4Q, S4M, K5L, K5V, K5A, K5H, K5R, K5F, K5Q, D6L, D6A, D6H, D6R, D6N, D6E, D6Q, Y7W, Y7N, Y7H, L8N, L8G, R9L, R9I, R9H, R9E, R9Q, R9T, K10D, K10A, K10R, K10N, K10P, K10E, K11I, K11V, K11H, K11Y, K11R, K11F, K11W, K11E, K11Q, S21R, S21E, S21Q, S21P, Y22W, E25R, E251, E29L, E29R, E29Q, E291, F30A, F30H, F30T, K32L, K32I, K32A, K32R, K32Q, K32M, E33D, E33H, E33R, E33N, E33Q, E33T, K34L, K34D, K34I, K34S, K34V, K34H, K34Y, K34R, K34F, K34Q, K34T, K34M, G35D, G35N, G35H, G35S, D36L, D36S, D36H, D36Y, D36R, D36E, D36N, D36F, D36W, D36Q, D36T, Y37E, Y37R, Y37D, Y37P, Q49W, Q49I, Q49H, Q49F, F50R, F50Q, F50H, F50S, M56W, E59R, E59S, E59T, K62R, K62A, N63R, N63E, N63D, N63Q, F64L, F64E, M66E, M66F, M66Y, K67D, K67S, K67R, K67E, K67Q, K67T, K70L, K70R, K70D, K70Q, E71R, E71Q, E71S, K72L, K72I, K72H, K72E, K72Q, K72T, E75R, E75D, E75S, E76L, E76R, E76P, D77R, D77N, D77S, K78L, K78R, K78D, K78Q, K78M, I80L, I80R, I80Q, E94L, E94R, E94Q, E94Y, S96R, S96E, S96A, T98I, T98V, T98R, T98W, T98E, T98Q, N101D, N101S, N101A, N101H, N101R, N101E, N101Q, N101T, K102Y, K102R, K102W, K102E, K102Q, K104R, K104E, K104Q, D105E, D105Q, D105I, R108I, K116L, K116I, K116H, K116Y, K116R, K116E, K116W, K116D, K116Q, K116T, P125A, D129L, D129R, D129W, D129E, D129Q, P130S, K131D, K131E, K131S, K131Y, V132S, V132Y, V132R, V132E, V132T, P134A, P134D, P134H, Y135L, Y135D, Y135R, Y135W, Y135Q, E136S, E136R, E136P, E136W, E136D, E136Q, E136T, K137L, K137I, K137V, K137R, K137W, K137E, K137Q, E140L, E140R, E140D, E140I, R141L, R141D, R141H, R141Y, R141W, R141Q, E144R, E144Q, E144D, E144I, E147R, E147Q, E147A, I148D, I148E, I148V, E150R, E150A, E151R, T152V, T152A, T152H, T152Y, T152R, T152Q, A153R, A153Q, A153G, A153S, R154S, R154P, R154E, R154Q, R154T, K155G, K155E, K155P, K155W, K155D, K155Q, K155T, Y156V, Y156R, Y156E, Y156F, Y156D, Y156Q, Y156T, Y156M, N157E, N157D, N157R, N157P, F158L, F158V, F158R, F158N, F158E, F158T, Q159L, Q159G, Q159R, Q159W, Q159E, Q159T, P160L, P160I, P160S, P160A, P160R, P160F, P160E, P160T, P160M, V161W, V161E, V161I, V161Y, V179R, V179I, S187R, S187Q, S187A, S190D, S190E, S190Y, S191L, S191A, S191H, S191Y, S191R, S191W, S191E, S191Q, S191T, K193L, K193I, K193Y, K193R, K193F, K193E, K193Q, K194L, K194D, K194A, K194R, K194E, K194Q, Y195A, Y195Q, Y195H, N197L, N197D, N197S, N197R, N197P, N197E, N197Q, P200L, P200D, P200R, P200E, P200M, N201R, N201E, W203L, W203A, W203H, W203Y, W203R, W203F, D204R, D204N, D204S, R205L, R205Q, G216R, G216N, G216T, S218T, Y219R, Y219G, D220E, D220R, D220Q, D220T, K221I, K221V, K221R, K221E, K221Q, K221T, V222I, E224Q, E224Y, E224M, D228E, D228S, K229A, K229R, K229N, K229E, K229Q, R231L, R231A, R231E, R231F, G232R, G232E, G232P, E235R, E235W, K238S, K238R, K238W, K238E, K238Q, R239S, E240V, E240H, E240Y, E240N, E240D, E240T, E240M, D241R, D241N, D241Q, D241P, R258L, R258E, E262L, E262R, E262Q, N287L, N287H, N287R, N287F, N287E, N287Q, D290R, D290E, D290Q, D290F, E291R, I292E, I292Q, E297L, E297R, E297H, S299A, S299Q, N300E, N300D, N300R, N300Q, K302L, K302I, K302R, K302P, K302E, K302Q, K302M, R303D, R303E, R303Q, E307R, E307Q, D313P, Y315W, K318D, K318N, K321E, K321D, K321R, K321S, D322T, S323D, S323G, K324D, K324H, K324P, K324W, K324E, R325D, R325S, R325A, R325G, R325W, R325E, R325Q, L326H, E327R, E327I, E327Y, L328D, L328Y, L328R, L328W, L328E, W331L, W331E, W331F, E343L, E343Y, E343N, E343D, E343Q, E343M, E345D, E345P, K348L, K348A, K348Y, K348R, K348W, K348E, K348Q, M349I, M349Y, M349R, M349N, M349W, M349E, M349Q, M349T, N352L, N352R, N352E, N352Q, N352M, K353L, K353A, K353H, K353R, K353E, K353Q, E356R, E356W, N357H, G361D, G361P, D363H, D363P, I364L, I364E, I364P, I364M, K365D, K365S, K365R, K365N, K365E, F366L, F366R, F366H, F366Y, Y368L, Y368R, Q369L, Q369R, Q369E, Q369D, Y370H, D373L, D373R, D373E, D373N, Y375W, Y375A, F376R, F376E, F376Q, D377S, D377A, D377H, D377R, D377N, E380L, E380R, E380D, E380N, K382L, K382D, K382R, K382N, K382E, K382Q, K384L, K384S, K384R, K384E, K384D, K384Q, K384T, N385P, N385T, D386H, R388E, E389R, E389D, K392L, K392H, K392Y, K392R, K392F, K392E, K393A, K393H, K393Y, K393R, K393W, K393E, K393Q, K393T, K396I, K396A, K396R, K396E, K396Q, K396M, R397L, R397I, R397S, R397H, R397E, R397Q, E400L, E400R, E400Q, E400Y, S403L, S403A, S403Y, S403R, S403F, S403W, S403E, S403T, N407L, N407D, N407I, N407H, N407Y, N407R, N407F, N407W, N407E, N407Q, L408G, L408R, L408N, L408W, L408D, or L408T; or combinations thereof.

The amino acid modifications identified herein can be made in any one of the SEQ ID NOs: 1-444, or active variant or fragment thereof. The location of the amino acid modifications can be identified by referencing to SEQ ID NO: 6. Amino acid sequence alignment can be made using known methods. FIG. 17 depicts amino acid sequence alignments of the native thermophilic FC4Es (SEQ ID NOs: 1-23 and SEQ ID NOs: 321-373). FIG. 20 depicts the sequence alignment of all computationally designed stability/expression mutants from Example 13 (SEQ ID NOs 46-136). FIG. 22 depicts the sequence alignment of all lysine/cysteine only mutants from Example 14 (SEQ ID NOs 137-230). FIG. 23 depicts the sequence alignment of all lysine/cysteine mutants from Example 14 that allowed surrounding residues to mutate (SEQ ID Nos: 232-320). In some embodiments, the polypeptides carrying one or more of the amino acid modifications identified herein are capable of converting fructose to tagatose through epimerization at the carbon-4 position of fructose.

In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications are made relative to the native/wild-type sequences identified herein. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldithrix abyssi. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:2. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Anaerolinea thermophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:3, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:3. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:3. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:4, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:4. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:5, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:5. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:5. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:6, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:6. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:6. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Dictyoglomus turgidum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:7, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:7. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:7. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:8, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:8. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:8. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:9, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:9. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:9. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Methanohalobium evestigatum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:10, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:10. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:10. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:11, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:11. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Clostridium cavendishii. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:12, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:12. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:12. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Kosmotoga olearia. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:13, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:13. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:13. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:14, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Clostridium thermobutyricum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:15, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:15. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:15. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Litorilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:16, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:16. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:16. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Enterobacter mori. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:17, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:17. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:17. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldisericum exile. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:18, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:18. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:18. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Dictyoglomus thermophilum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:19, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:19. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:19. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:20, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:20. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Rhodothermus profundi. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:21, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:21. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:21. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldibacillus debilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:22, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:22. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:22. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caloramator quimbayensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:23, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:23. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:23.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Methanosalsum zhilinae. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:321, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:321. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:321. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Pseudothermotoga thermarum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:322, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:322. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:322. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Pseudothermotoga hypogea. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:323, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:323. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:323. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Pseudothermotoga lettingae. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:324, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:324. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:324. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:325, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:325. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:325. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Geosporobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:326, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:326. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:326. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Melioribacter roseus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:327, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:327. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:327. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Lysinibacillus sphaericus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:328, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:328. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:328. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Clostridium stercorarium. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:329, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:329. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:329. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Truepera radiovictrix. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:330, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:330. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:330. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Dictyoglomus turgidum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:331, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:331. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:331. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:332, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:332. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:332. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoflexus hugenholtzii. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:333, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:333. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:333. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:334, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:334. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:334. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Petrotoga mobilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:335, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:335. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:335. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Spirochaeta thermophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:336, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:336. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:336. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermofilum pendens.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:337, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:337. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:337. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:338, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:338. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:338. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Dictyoglomus thermophilum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:339, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:339. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:339. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:340, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:340. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:340.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacter mathranii. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:341, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:341. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:341. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacter italicus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:342, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:342. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:342. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:343, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:343. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:343. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:344, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:344. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:344. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:345, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:345. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:345. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:346, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:346. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:346. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:347, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:347. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:347. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Petrotoga mobilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:348, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:348. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:348. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:349, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:349. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:349. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Petrotoga mobilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:350, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:350. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:350. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Spirochaeta thermophila.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:351, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:351. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:351. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Ignisphaera aggregans. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:352, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:352. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:352. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermotoga maritima. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:353, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:353. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:353. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:354, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:354. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:354. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Mesotoga infera. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:355, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:355. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:355. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermosinus carboxydivorans. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:356, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:356. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:356. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Halanaerobium congolense. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:357, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:357. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:357. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Halanaerobium congolense. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:358, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:358. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:358. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Halanaerobium saccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:359, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:359. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:359. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Gracilibacillus halophilus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:360, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:360. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:360.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:361, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:361. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:361. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Litorilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:362, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:362. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:362. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:363, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:363. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:363. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:364, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:364. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:364. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Caldicoprobacter faecalis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:365, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:365. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:365. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermoanaerobacter uzonensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:366, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:366. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:366. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Lactobacillus ingluviei. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:367, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:367. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:367. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Petrotoga mexicana. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:368, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:368. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:368. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Defluviitoga tunisiensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:369, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:369. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:369. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Petrotoga miotherma. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:370, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:370. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:370. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Petrotoga olearia. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:371, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:371. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:371. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermophagus xiamenensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity to SEQ TD NO:372, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:372. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:372. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Treponema caldarium. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, 650, 700, 750, 80, 85, 900, 950, or 98 sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:373, and the one or more modifications are relative to SEQ ID NO:373. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has an improved D-fructose C4-epimerase activity and/or improved stability compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:373. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is derived from Thermofilum uzonense.

TABLE 1 Modified Polypeptides Parent Mutation Mutation Wild Position Position Type (correspond (correspond SEQ Plasmid SEQ ID to SEQ ID to SEQ ID NO. ID NO. NO.: 2) NO.: 6) 24 pA07199 2 C28A C17A 25 pA07200 2 E52A E41A 26 pA07201 2 E52Q E41Q 27 pA07202 2 Y64A Y53A 28 pA07203 2 Y64F Y53F 29 pA07204 2 D95A D84A 30 pA07205 2 D95N D84N 31 pA07206 2 H96A H85A 32 pA07207 2 H130A H119A 33 pA07208 2 D132A D121A 34 pA07209 2 D132N D121N 35 pA07210 2 E178A D167A 36 pA07211 2 E178Q D167Q 37 pA07212 2 E263A E245A 38 pA07213 2 E263Q E245Q 39 pA07214 2 H265A H247A 40 pA07215 2 D268A D250A 41 pA07216 2 D268N D250N 42 pA07217 2 G289A G271A 43 pA07218 2 G289D G271D 44 pA07219 2 Y361A Y340A 45 pA07220 2 Y361F Y340F

TABLE 2 Modified Polypeptides Parent Wild SEQ Plasmid Type SEQ NO. ID ID NO. Mutation Position(s) (correspond to SEQ ID NO.: 6) 46 pA12584 6 E75P, S96A, P97E, S113A, P160A, A188T, I189L, S191V, Y195A, N197K, V199L, G232E, L234M, G246A, A253D, N259A, N333S, S374Q 47 pA12585 6 P97E, S113A, Y135L, R143V, E147K, V182P, S191Y, V199I, G232E, G246A, G281A, L328F, S403A 48 pA12586 6 K72L, S96A, P97E, S113A, R143A, T152A, P160A, A188M, S191T, G232K, M349K 49 pA12587 6 S96A, P97E, S113A, R143V, S191T, G232D, A253S, S374Q, M383L 50 pA12588 6 S21P, E75P, S96E, P97E, S113A, I189L, S191I, G232E, I233L, G281A, M349K 51 pA12589 6 S21P, S96A, G232E, M349K, V350A 52 pA12590 6 S96A, P97E, V182P, S191T, G232E, S286A, R325E 53 pA12591 6 S96A, P97E, S113A, P160E, V182P, S191I, D198K, G246A 54 pA12592 6 E75P, P97E, V182P, N197K, G246A, A253S, G281A, S286V, M349K, Y372P, S403Y 55 pA12593 6 E75P, S113A, F146C, S190D, Y344H, Y372P 56 pA12594 6 E147R, V182P, S191L, G281A, S374Q 57 pA12595 6 S21P, P97E, Y135L, E345P 58 pA12596 6 I202A, Y372P 59 pA12597 6 E75P, P97E, Y135P, S191L, N197E 60 pA12598 6 S113A, N333S 61 pA12599 6 R143A, V182P, Y344H, E345P 62 pA12600 6 S54T, S96A, R143A, A188M, S191V, G208A, G232E, E240T, A253S, R266V, S286A, R325E, I330L, E345P, F376R 63 pA12601 6 S54T, S96A, P97E, N101E, S113A, R143A, G232E, G246A, G281A, E295P, R296E, F358L, E360D, M383L 64 pA12602 6 K34R, S54T, S96A, S113A, A188T, N197K, G246A, N287D, V350A 65 pA12603 6 S21P, S54T, S96A, S113A, R143A, S191I, M349R 66 pA12604 6 K34R, P97E, S113A, G232E 67 pA12605 6 S54T, E75P, S96A, P97E, S113A, L126C, S127A, R143V, V182P, A188T, S191T, N197K, V199H, G208A, G232E, G246C, A253S, R266V, G281A, N287D, E345P, V350A, E360D, V362I, F376R 68 pA12606 6 S54T, E75P, S96A, S113A, E140I, E147R, A188M, S191T, N259W, E360D, S374A, N385P 69 pA12607 6 S21P, S54T, S96A, P97E, V182P, G208A, E240T, S374C 70 pA12608 6 S21P, S27A, S54T, K78R, P97D, T98E, N101E, S113A, L126C, S127A, E147R, V182P, A188T, S191T, N197E, V199H, I202M, I215V, Y219H, G232D, E240T, A273W, G281A, Y344H, E345P, V350A, D363P, S374C 71 pA12609 6 S27A, K34D, Y37P, S54T, E75P, S113A, L126C, S127A, F146C, Y219H, N259W, R266V, N333S, E345P, V350A, D363P 72 pA12610 6 S21P, S113A, S127A, E151R, A188T, G232D, E240T, Y344H, V350A, F358L, F366L 73 pA12611 6 S21P, Y37P, T98E, F146C, A188T, Y219H, N259W, D363P 74 pA12612 6 Y22W, S54T, L126C, E151R, V182P, A188T, Y219H, G232E, E345P, V350A, F358L 75 pA12613 6 P97E, N101E, S113A, S127A, V199H, Y219H, E240T, N259W, Y344H 76 pA12614 6 S27A, S54T, E75P, T98E, N101E, S113A, A188T, E240T, E297G, V350A 77 pA12615 6 Y14F, P97E, F110Y, Y115F, Y135M, R143A, E147K, S191Y, G246A, G281A, L328F, M349K, S403A 78 pA12616 6 P97E, S113A, V182P, A188F, G232E, V237L, A253S, M349T, M383L 79 pA12617 6 S96A, P97E, S113A, E147K, P160A, V182A, S191I, G232D, G246A, S286A, R325E, M349K 80 pA12618 6 S21P, E75P, R143A, I148V, S191I, V244L, E345P 81 pA12619 6 S54T, K72L, P97E, A188M, S191T, D198K, G232E, R325E, S403A 82 pA12620 6 S19N, K72V, S96A, P97E, S190D, S191T, N197K, G232E, G246A, G281A, Y372P, S403Y 83 pA12621 6 S21K, E75P, P97E, S113A, R143V, S191T, V199I, G208A, G232E, V244L, G246A, N259A, G281A, S286A, E345P, Y372P, S374Q 84 pA12622 6 S27A, E75P, Y135L, E147R, V182P, S190E, S191T, E240T, Y344H, M349K, S374Q 85 pA12623 6 S21P, S27A, P97E, S113A, Y135T, L192F, Y219D, G281A, S286A, Y344H, E345P, F376E 86 pA12624 6 S27A, E75P, S96A, G232D, S286A, E345P, Y372P 87 pA12625 6 S27A, N101E, S113A, Y135P, S187E, S190E, Y344H 88 pA12626 6 S96A, Y135L, E151R, V182P, S190D, G232D, K365R 89 pA12627 6 S27A, E75P, S187R, G281A 90 pA12628 6 S27A, S54T, S96A, F146C, V182P, Y344H, V350A, S403A 91 pA12629 6 S21P, Y22W, S54T, E75P, S113A, V182P, N197E, E240T, G246V, S286A, R325E, I330L, Y344H, E345P, F376R 92 pA12630 6 S21P, E75P, S96A, N101E, S127A, A188T, S191T, N197E, V199H, N201R, G208A, G232E, E240T, G246C, S286A, N287D, R296E, N333A, M349R, S374C 93 pA12631 6 S27A, S113A, E140I, R143A, V182P, A188M, S191T, G232E, L242W, G246A, A253P, N259W, G281A, R325E, N333A, V350A, E360D, R379C, N385P 94 pA12632 6 E75P, S96A, P97E, S127A, R143V, V182P, S191T, V199C, V237L, Y344H, M349A, F358L 95 pA12633 6 S21P, S27A, P97E, S113A, S127A, T152A, A188M, S191V, G232E, R266V, A273W, S286A, N287D, N333A, E345P, M349K, V362I 96 pA12634 6 S54T, E75P, S96A, P97E, A188T, L213M, G232E, Y344H, S374C 97 pA12635 6 S54T, P97E, S127A, R143A, E345P, M349K, V350A 98 pA12636 6 Y22W, K34D, Y37P, S54T, E75P, S113A, F146C, A188T, G232D, R266A, S286A, R296E, Y344H, E345P, K393H 99 pA12637 6 S21P, Y22W, S27A, D36T, S54T, E75P, P97E, T98E, S127A, E147R, S191L, N197E, V199H, G232E, D241P, Y255E, N287D, Y344H, V350A, K365T, S374C 100 pA12638 6 S21P, S27A, E75P, P97E, N101E, S113A, E147K, V182P, A188T, S190E, Y219H, Y255D, G281A, E343N, Y344H, V350A, E360D, K393H 101 pA12639 6 Y22W, D36S, E75P, P97D, N101E, S113A, L126C, S127A, V182P, N197E, Y219H, D241P, A253S, Y255D, S286A, R296E, E343N, E345P, K365T, F376R 102 pA12640 6 S54T, K62R, P97E, S113A, G232E, E240T, N259W, S286A, E297G, F376H 103 pA12641 6 V13I, S21P, S27A, S54T, E75P, P97E, T98E, L126C, F146C, E147R, A188T, S190E, I202A, D241P, N259W, G281A, R296E, R303E, W331H, E345P, M349A, V350A, E360D, S374A, F376H 104 pA12642 6 S27A, S96A, T98E, N101E, L126C, Y219H, E240T, A253T, R296Y, Y344H, E345P, M349A, F366L 105 pA12643 6 S27A, G35D, K72L, E75P, P97E, F110Y, S113A, Y135M, E147K, S191L, N197K, G232E, G281A, L284K, I292L, L328F, M349K, Y372P, F376K 106 pA12644 6 P97E, Y135K, R143V, G232D, V237L, S286A, D290K, Y344H, M349T, M383L 107 pA12645 6 S27A, K72L, E75P, S191V, L192F, N197K, V199L, I211V, G232E, S286A, S374Q 108 pA12646 6 S21P, S27A, S54T, K72V, K78R, P97E, S190D, S191I, D198K, S286A, R325E, M349K 109 pA12647 6 S27A, S113A, Y135L, A188M, S190D, S191T, N197E, R325E, F376Q 110 pA12648 6 S27A, N101E, S113A, Y135L, E147K, I148V, L192F, N197K, E240T, A253D, Y255K, N259D, G281A, S286A, D290K, E345P, M349C, K365R, S374Q 111 pA12649 6 S21P, S27A, S54T, E75P, P97E, N101E, Y135L, S187E, S190E, S191Y, N197E, V199L, G232D, A253D, R296D, Y344H, E345P, K365R 112 pA12650 6 S21E, S54T, S96A, D105E, S113A, Y135L, V182P, S190E, S191A, E240T, A253T, S286A, K365R 113 pA12651 6 S21E, S54T, E75P, N101E, S113A, Y135M, E147K, S190E, G232P, Y344H, M349K, K365R, S403A 114 pA12652 6 S54T, E75P, P97E, N101E, S113A, Y135T, I148V, S187E, S190E, L192F, Y219D, G232D, L234A, S286A, E297K, E327R, V350A, K353R 115 pA12653 6 S27A, S54T, E75P, P97E, T98E, N101A, S113A, S127A, S191V, N197K, V199L, L213M, G232E, G246A, N259W, S286A, N287D, K321H, N333S, Y344H, E345P, M349A, V350A 116 pA12654 6 S21P, S27C, S54T, E75P, T98E, S113A, S127A, V182P, A188F, S191V, G232E, A253S, Y255E, S286D, D290K, E291D, N333S, Y344H, V350A, F358L, V362I, F366L, S374T 117 pA12655 6 S21P, G35D, S54T, P97E, Y135Q, R143A, A188T, N197K, G232E, G246A, G281A, N287D, E295P, L328F, N333A, M349A, Y372P 118 pA12656 6 S21P, E75P, P97E, T98E, N101A, R143V, V182P, G208A, E240T, G246V, A253S, R266V, S286A, K321H, R325D, Y344H, F366L 119 pA12657 6 Y22W, S27A, S54T, E75P, S96A, P97E, N101A, S113A, S127A, R143A, G232E, E240T, V244L, S286D, M349R, V350A 120 pA12658 6 S21P, D36S, S54T, N63R, E75P, D93H, P97D, N101E, Y115F, L126C, S127A, Y135N, E147R, V182P, S187R, A188T, V199H, Y219H, G246A, Y255E, N259W, R266A, G281A, N287D, K324D, W331H, N333S, Y344H, M349A, E360D, M383L, K393H, S403A 121 pA12659 6 Y22W, S27A, K62R, N63R, S96A, P97E, T98E, D105E, S113A, L126C, S127A, E151R, V182P, S187K, S190E, S191A, N197A, G232E, E240T, Y255D, S286A, R296Y, E297R, R303E, K324D, E343N, E345P, M349A, V350A, F358L, F366L 122 pA12660 6 V131, S21P, K34D, Y37P, N63R, M66Y, E75P, P97D, T98E, L126C, V179I, S190E, S191L, L192H, N197K, Y219H, G232D, N259W, R266A, E291D, R303E, K324D, N333S, Y344H, V350A, D363P, M383L, K393H 123 pA12661 6 S21P, Y22W, S27A, S54T, E75P, P97E, R143A, E144R, A188T, S191A, V199H, Y219H, V230A, N259W, S286A, N287D, K324E, E327R, W331H, Y344H, E345P, M349E, K353R, E360D, I364W, F376H 124 pA12662 6 S21P, Y22W, Y37P, S54T, M66Y, D77N, P97E, S127A, A188T, S190E, S191A, Y219H, G232E, E240T, E262Q, R266A, S286A, R296Y, N333S, Y344H, E345P, M349A, V350A, D363P, K365T, S403A 125 pA12663 6 S21P, S54T, S96A, P97E, N101K, S113A, Y135K, R143V, R154Q, V182K, A188F, S191T, N197D, G232E, V237L, A253D, Y255Q, N259R, V282I, S286A, D290Q, I292L, K302L, Y344H, M349K, S374Q, M383L 126 pA12664 6 Y14F, S21K, S27A, K34M, G35H, K72L, E75P, S96A, F146C, P160A, S187T, Y195A, N197K, V199L, N201K, Y255K, A256L, G281A, K302L, Y344H, S374Q 127 pA12665 6 S27A, G35D, S54T, E75P, S96A, Y115F, E147K, I148V, T152A, P160A, A188M, S190E, S191V, V199I, M349K 128 pA12666 6 K34M, Y37P, S54T, M66F, E75P, E76P, S96A, I148V, T152A, V182P, S190D, S191Y, L192F, N197K, I202A, D241G, A253D, N259E, S286A, R296D, E297K, K324E, E327R, N333S, Y344H, E345P, V350A, Y372P 129 pA12667 6 S27A, S54T, M66F, E75P, E76P, P97E, D105E, S113A, Y135D, T142E, E147K, V1791, S187R, A188F, S190E, G232P, E240T, A253D, Y255Q, G281A, S286A, D290N, K324E, E327R, L334Y, E345P, M349K 130 pA12668 6 M66F, S96A, T98Q, N101E, D105E, Y135P, R154Q, V182P, D184E, S187N, A188M, S190E, L192F, N197D, S218G, G232D, E240T, A253S, Y255K, D290N, E297K, E327R, E345P, M349A, K365R 131 pA12669 6 S15A, S21P, G35D, S54T, E75P, S96A, T98E, N101A, S113A, K131A, V182P, S191T, G232E, E240T, G246A, N259W, R266V, G281A, N287D, D290A, K321T, K324D, M349K, E360D, V362I, S374A, F376H, R379C, N385P, S403A 132 pA12670 6 S21P, K34Y, S54T, N63R, K78R, S96A, P97E, N101A, S113A, E147K, V182P, S190E, S191V, N197E, V199H, I202A, G208A, G232E, G246C, Y255E, G281A, N287D, D290K, E297H, K324D, M349A, S374C, R397K 133 pA12671 6 S21P, S27A, K62R, E75P, P97E, S113A, S127A, D129E, R143A, V179I, S191T, V199H, N201R, Y219H, E240T, G246V, A253P, Y255E, R266V, N287D, R296E, M349A, N352E, Y372P, D373A, S374C 134 pA12672 6 Y22W, K62R, N63R, M66Y, K67Q, E75P, D93H, S96A, N101A, F110Y, Y115F, L126C, D128G, R143A, E144R, I148V, E151R, S187K, S190E, V199H, I202A, I215V, G232E, D241P, R266A, G281A, S286A, N287D, D290K, E297H, R303E, K321R, K324E, R325N, E327R, N333S, Y344H, E345P, S374C, F376H, D377A 135 pA12673 6 V13I, S21P, Y22W, S27A, F30H, K34D, S54T, N63R, E75P, D93H, S96A, P97E, T98E, N101E, D105E, F110Y, Y115F, K131A, E136D, R143A, F146C, E147R, I148V, S187K, L192F, N197Q, N201Q, D204N, G232D, D241P, A253N, Y255D, R280E. S286A, N287D, R296E, E297Q, R325Q, E327R, L328W, N333S, E343N, V350A, N352E, D363P, S374A, M383L 136 pA12674 6 V13I, I16V, S21P, Y22W, S27A, D36S, M66Y, D77N, D93H, T98E, N101A, L126C, S127A, D128G, K131A, Y135Q, F146C, V182P, S187K, L192F, V199H, P200G, V230A, G232E, E240T, Y255D, G281A, E297Q, R303E, R325N, W331H, N333S, E343N, Y344H, N352E, V362I, I364W, F376R, S403H 137 pA14284 6 K5A, K10N, K116R, K238S, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353R, K365R, K382R 138 pA14285 6 K11L, K32L, K34M, K67S, K70Q, K193Q, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L 139 pA14286 6 K10N, K34E, K70R, K131E, K137E, K155E, K321D, K324D, K348R, K382R, K384D 140 pA14287 6 K5F, K10M, K11L, K62V, K70R, K116I, K131E, K194A, K321D, K324D, K353L, K384S 141 pA14288 6 K11L, K70Q, K78L, K137L, K238S, K321D, K365S 142 pA14289 6 K10N, K70R, K104R, K155E, K193A, K238S, K321D, K353L, K382R, K384T 143 pA14290 6 K5L, C17G, K34M, K72L, K78L, K102Y, K193Q, K321D, K324E 144 pA14291 6 K10N, C17T, K34T, K62R, K72L, K116H, C122T, K131Q, K137T, K193E, K194E, K321D, K324D, K382R 145 pA14292 6 C17T, K34Q, K62R, K70R, K72V, K131Q, K155R, K194T, K229R, K238S, K365R 146 pA14293 6 K10R, K131Q, K229T, K321D, K348R, K353R, K382R 147 pA14294 6 K67T, K78L, K102Y, K131E, K365R 148 pA14295 6 K10N, K11L, C17T, K32M, K34L, K137L, K384S 149 pA14296 6 K10N, C17T, K32M, K34L, K70R, K102L, K131Y, K137L, K193Q, K221V, K229R, K238S, K321D, K382R, K393H 150 pA14297 6 K5W, K10R, K32M, K67Q, K70R, K78M, K131Q, K193I, K348L 151 pA14298 6 K70R, K104N, K117L, K221R, K229T, K348R, K353Q, K384D 152 pA14299 6 K11Q, K34Q, K62R, K67T, K104Q, K131E, K137T, K318D, K321D, K353R, K384E 153 pA14300 6 K78L, K229R, K302I, K365S 154 pA14301 6 K5M, K10L, K67T, K70R, K72L, K131Q, K137L, K221R, K318D, K353W, K365H, K384D, K392R, K396M 155 pA14302 6 C17T, K67T, K70R, K102R, K104N, K155N, K318D, K321D 156 pA14303 6 K104R, K131R, K193E, K238S, K348L 157 pA14304 6 K5H, K67T, K78L, K117W, C122A, K155N, K302L, K318D, K353L, K384S, K396L 158 pA14305 6 K62R, K67T, K104N, K131Q, K137Q, K221R, K238S, K324S, K382R 159 pA14306 6 K5L, K10N, K11Q, K62R, K67T, K70R, K131Q, K137Q, K193E, K194E, K221R, K302R, K321D, K324D, K348R, K382R, K384D 160 pA14307 6 K10N, C17T, K70R, K104R, C122A, K131E, K137E, K155E, K193E, K229R, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353R 161 pA14308 6 K5H, K11V, K72L, K116T, C122T, K324E, K382L, K384E, K393Y 162 pA14309 6 K5F, K10N, K11Q, C17A, K32Q, K34Q, K67T, K72L, K137T, K229R, K238S, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353Q 163 pA14310 6 K5F, K34Q, K72T, K78Q, K137T, K155N, K221T, K238S, K302R, K324D, K382R 164 pA14311 6 K62V, K70R, K78L, K104Q, K116I, K155N, K193Q, K221V, K229R, K321D, K324D, K348L, K382R, K393H 165 pA14312 6 K5W, K10R, C17T, K62R, K67T, K70R, K72L, K78R, K104R, K116R, K137E, K193R, K194T, K238S, K302Q, K321D, K348R, K353R, K365R, K384E 166 pA14313 6 K10L, K11Y, K34T, K62V, K67T, K102Y, K116Y, K131Q, K137L, K155Y, K193A, K194A, K221R, K238S, K318D, K353W, K382R, K384L 167 pA14314 6 K5A, K11Q, C17T, K32Q, K34E, K67T, K70R, K72L, K102R, K104R, K131E, K155E, K229R, K238S, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K324D, K353R, K384T 168 pA14315 6 K5A, K10N, K67T, K70R, K78Q, K102R, K131E, K137E, K155E, K193E, K194T, K229R, K321D, K348R, K353R, K365R 169 pA14316 6 K5F, K10N, K11Q, C17I, K34Q, K62R, K67T, K70R, K104Q, C122T, K131E, K221T, K238S, K269I, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353Q, K382R, K384E 170 pA14317 6 K5A, K32I, K62Y, K67T, K72L, K116L, K193A, K194T, K221I, K229R, K238S, K302I, K318D, K321D, K353L, K382R, K384T 171 pA14318 6 K70R, K78L, K102Y, K131E, K269L, K348V, K365R, K392M, K393L 172 pA14319 6 K5F, K11Q, K32Q, K62R, K78Q, K116Q, K137T, K229R, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353Q, K384D 173 pA14320 6 K5F, K10M, K34L, K67T, K70R, K78L, K104R, K131E, K193Q, K194R, K221V, K238W, K324D, K353W, K365S, K384S 174 pA14321 6 K11Y, K34L, K70R, K221I, K229R, K238S, K318D, K324D, K348V, K365R, K393L 175 pA14322 6 K32I, K62V, K104I, C122T, K137L, K194A, K238S, K318D, K353L, K365S, K384E, K392L 176 pA14323 6 K11V, K32L, K34Y, K62V, K67R, K70Q, K78R, K102L, K116T, K131R, K155E, K194A, K221I, K318D, K321D, K348L, K365R, K382L 177 pA14324 6 K32L, K34M, K67S, K78Q, K102L, K116T, K194S, K302I, K321D, K348L, K353L, K382L 178 pA14325 6 K10L, K11Y, C17T, K62Y, K67T, K70R, K72L, K117M, C122V, K131Q, K137L, K155Y, K193A, K221R, K229T, K269V, K318D, K321D, K324D, K353W, K365H, K382R, K392L, K396M 179 pA14326 6 K10N, K11V, C17G, K32L, K67S, K78L, K193E, K302I, K318D, K353L, K365R, K384T, K392L 180 pA14327 6 K10N, K11L, K32L, K78Q, K104R, K116T, K131E, K194R, K318D, K321D, K348L, K353L, K365S, K382L, K384E 181 pA14328 6 K5L, K72L, K78L, K137L, K155E, K238S, K302L, K321D, K365S, K393Y 182 pA14329 6 K5M, K10L, K11L, C17T, K32M, K34L, K70R, K72L, K78L, K102L, K116I, K155N, K194S, K221V, K238S, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348L, K382R 183 pA14330 6 K10N, K11L, K32M, K34L, K62V, K67T, K78L, K102L, K116I, K131Y, K137L, K155N, K193Q, K194R, K229R, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348L, K353W, K382R, K384S 184 pA14331 6 C17G, K34M, K70Q, K104R, K131R, K302I, K348L, K365R, K384Q, K393Y 185 pA14332 6 K5L, C17G, K34T, K67S, K72L, K78L, K269N, K321D, K382L, K393Y 186 pA14333 6 K5W, K10V, K11Y, K32M, K34T, K62V, K67T, K70R, K78L, K102Y, K104F, K116Y, K131Q, K137L, K155Y, K193A, K194A, K221R, K229S, K238W, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348L, K353W, K365H, K382R, K384D 187 pA14334 6 K5W, K11Y, K32M, K34T, K70R, K72L, K78M, K102Y, K104F, K116Y, C122V, K131Q, K193A, K194A, K238W, K269L, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348L, K382R, K384D, K392L, K393Y 188 pA14335 6 K5A, K10N, K11Q, C17L, K32Q, K34E, K67T, K70R, K72L, K78Q, K102R, K104R, K116R, K117W, C122T, K131E, K155E, K194R, K229R, K238S, K269L, K302R, K321D, K365R, K382R, K384D 189 pA14336 6 K5L, K10A, C17G, K32L, K34Y, K70Q, K72L, K116T, K131R, K155E, K194A, K221I, K238S, K302I, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K384Q, K396M 190 pA14337 6 K10N, K11L, C17I, K32M, K34L, K62Y, K67T, K72T, K78L, K116L, K117W, C122A, K131E, K155N, K221V, K229R, K269I, K302M, K321D, K324D, K348L, K353W, K382R, K384R, K392L, K396R 191 pA14338 6 K11Q, K34E, K62R, K72L, K104R, C122A, K137E, K193E, K221Q, K229R, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353R, K365R, K384D 192 pA14339 6 K5A, K10L, K11Q, K32I, K62V, K70R, K72L, K78L, K102Y, K104R, K116L, K131E, K137L, K155E, K229R, K318D, K321D, K348V, K353L, K382R, K384T, K392R 193 pA14340 6 K5M, K11Q, C17S, K34L, K62V, K67T, K70R, K72L, K102Y, K104Q, K131Y, K137L, K193Q, K221V, K229R, K238W, K302L, K318D, K321D, K353L, K365S, K384R, K392L, K393H, K3961 194 pA14341 6 K5H, K10N, K32L, K34T, K67S, K70Q, K78L, K102L, K104R, K116T, K131E, K137L, K194R, K229R, K238S, K318D, K321D, K365R, K382L 195 pA14342 6 K5F, K10L, K11L, K32M, K34L, K62V, K67T, K70R, K78L, K102Y, K104Q, K116I, K131E, K137L, K155N, K193Q, K194A, K221I, K229R, K238W, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348L, K353W, K365S, K382R, K384D 196 pA14343 6 K5L, K11V, K32L, K34M, K62V, K67S, K70Q, K78L, K155R, K194A, K229R, K302L, K321D, K324E, K348L, K365R, K384Q, K393Y 197 pA14344 6 K5W, K10N, K11Q, C17T, K34T, K62R, K67T, K72L, K102R, K131Q, K137Q, K155H, K194E, K221R, K229T, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K353R, K382R 198 pA14345 6 K5L, K11L, K32I, K34T, K62V, K67S, K70Q, K72L, K116T, K131E, K137L, K155E, K193E, K229A, K324E, K348L, K353L, K382L, K384R, K392L, K393Y 199 pA14346 6 K11L, K67S, K72L, K104I, C122T, K131R, K193E, K194A, K221I, K229A, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K365S, K382L, K392L, K396M 200 pA14347 6 K5H, K11V, C17G, K32I, K34T, K70Q, K72L, K78L, K104R, K117L, K131E, K155E, K194T, K221I, K229R, K269N, K321D, K348L, K353L, K365R, K382L, K393Y, K396I 201 pA14348 6 K5F, K10M, K11L, C17I, K32M, K34L, K62V, K67T, K70R, K72L, K78L, K102L, K104Q, K116I, K117V, C122T, K131E, K137E, K155N, K193Q, K194A, K221V, K229R, K238S, K269I, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348L, K353L, K365S, K382R, K384R, K392L, K393H, K396M 202 pA14349 6 K5W, K10N, K11Q, C17I, K32Q, K34T, K62R, K67T, K70R, K72L, K78R, K102R, K104R, K116H, K117V, C122V, K131Q, K137T, K155H, K193E, K194E, K221R, K229T, K238R, K269V, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353R, K365H, K382R, K384D 203 pA14350 6 K5A, K10N, K11Q, C17T, K32Q, K34E, K62R, K67T, K70R, K72L, K78Q, K102R, K104R, K116R, K131E, K137E, K155E, K193E, K194T, K221Q, K229R, K238S, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353R, K365R, K382R, K384D 204 pA14351 6 K5L, C17G, K32I, K34M, K62V, K72L, K78L, K102L, K116T, C122T, K131E, K137L, K155E, K193Q, K194R, K229R, K269N, K302I, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K365S, K384R, K392L, K393Y 205 pA14352 6 K5F, K10N, K11Q, K32Q, K34Q, K62R, K67T, K70R, K78Q, K102R, K104Q, K116Q, K131E, K137T, K155N, K193Q, K194S, K221T, K229R, K238S, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353R, K365S, K382R, K384E 206 pA14353 6 K5L, K10N, K11E, C17V, K32Q, K34H, K62R, K67Q, K70R, K72L, K78R, K102R, K104R, K116R, K131R, K137E, K155E, K193E, K194T, K221R, K229N, K238S, K302R, K318D, K321D, K324S, K348R, K353Q, K365R, K382N, K384Q 207 pA14354 6 K5L, K10N, K11V, C17I, K32S, K34F, K62V, K67Q, K70R, K72I, K78M, K102L, K104F, K116W, K117V, C122A, K131R, K137E, K155E, K193A, K194A, K221I, K229Q, K238S, K269V, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324S, K348L, K353L, K365R, K382N, K384R, K392L, K393F, K396F 208 pA14355 6 K5L, K10N, K11L, K32L, K34M, K62V, K67S, K70Q, K78L, K102Y, K104R, K116T, K131E, K137L, K155E, K193Q, K194R, K221I, K229R, K238S, K302I, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K365S, K382L, K384E 209 pA14356 6 K5L, K10A, K11L, K32I, K34T, K62V, K67S, K70Q, K78L, K102Y, K104I, K116T, K131E, K137L, K155E, K193E, K194A, K221I, K229A, K238S, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K365S, K382L, K384E 210 pA14357 6 K5W, K10R, K11R, K32Q, K34Q, K62R, K67T, K70R, K78Q, K102R, K104R, K116R, K131Q, K137E, K155D, K193R, K194T, K221R, K229T, K238S, K302Q, K318E, K321D, K324D, K348R, K353R, K365R, K382R, K384E 211 pA14358 6 K5M, K10M, K11Q, C17S, K32M, K34L, K62V, K67T, K70R, K72L, K78M, K102L, K104R, K116I, K131Y, K137L, K155N, K193A, K194S, K221I, K229R, K238S, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324D, K348L, K353W, K365S, K382R, K384R, K392L, K393Y, K396M 212 pA14359 6 K5F, K10L, K11L, C17T, K32M, K34L, K62Y, K67Q, K70R, K72L, K78R, K102Y, K104V, K116R, K131L, K137E, K155E, K193E, K194A, K221V, K229A, K238S, K302M, K318D, K321D, K324S, K348R, K353L, K365S, K382R, K384R, K392L, K393Y, K396I 213 pA14360 6 K5L, K10N, K11Q, C17S, K32Q, K34R, K62R, K67T, K70R, K72L, K78R, K102R, K104R, K116Q, K117V, C122T, K131E, K137E, K155E, K193E, K194S, K221R, K229S, K238S, K269V, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K324S, K348R, K353R, K365S, K382R, K384Q 214 pA14361 6 K5L, K10A, K11V, C17G, K32L, K34Y, K62V, K67R, K70Q, K72L, K78R, K102L, K104R, K116T, K131R, K137I, K155E, K193E, K194A, K221I, K229N, K238S, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K365R, K382L, K384R, K392L, K393Y, K396I 215 pA14362 6 K5A, K10N, K11V, C17G, K32I, K34T, K62V, K67S, K70Q, K72L, K78L, K102Y, K104R, K116T, K131E, K137L, K155E, K193E, K194R, K221I, K229R, K238S, K302I, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K365R, K382L, K384T, K392L, K393Y, K396I 216 pA14363 6 K5A, K10N, K11V, C17G, K32I, K34M, K62V, K67S, K70Q, K72L, K78R, K102Y, K104I, K116S, K117L, C122T, K131E, K137L, K155E, K193E, K194A, K221I, K229A, K238S, K269N, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348R, K353L, K365S, K382L, K384R, K392L, K393Y, K396I 217 pA14364 6 K5L, K10R, K11V, C17G, K32I, K34M, K62V, K67S, K70Q, K72L, K78L, K102Y, K104R, K116T, K117L, C122T, K131R, K137L, K155R, K193I, K194A, K221I, K229R, K238S, K269N, K302L, K318D, K321D, K324E, K348L, K353L, K365R, K382L, K384R, K392L, K393Y, K396I 218 pA14365 6 K5R, K10R, K11R, K32R, K34R, K62R, K67R, K70R, K78R, K102R, K104R, K116R, K131R, K137R, K155R, K193R, K194R, K221R, K229R, K238R, K302R, K318R, K321R, K324R, K348R, K353R, K365R, K382R, K384R 219 pA14366 6 K5R, K10R, K11R, C17R, K32R, K34R, K62R, K67R, K70R, K72R, K78R, K102R, K104R, K116R, K131R, K137R, K155R, K193R, K194R, K221R, K229R, K238R, K302R, K318R, K321R, K324R, K348R, K353R, K365R, K382R, K384R, K392R, K393R, K396R 220 pA14367 6 K5R, K10R, K11R, C17R, K32R, K34R, K62R, K67R, K70R, K72R, K78R, K102R, K104R, K116R, K117R, C122R, K131R, K137R, K155R, K193R, K194R, K221R, K229R, K238R, K269R, K302R, K318R, K321R, K324R, K348R, K353R, K365R, K382R, K384R, K392R, K393R, K396R 221 pA14368 6 K102Y, K131Q, K221R, K318D, K321D 222 pA14369 6 K102L, K131E, K221I, K318D, K321D 223 pA14370 6 K102R, K131E, K221T, K318D, K321D 224 pA14371 6 C17T, K102R, K131Q, K221R, K269V, K318D, K321D 225 pA14372 6 C17L, K102L, K131E, K221R, K269L, K318D, K321D 226 pA14373 6 C17G, K102Y, K131E, K221I, K318D, K321D 227 pA14374 6 C17S, K102L, K131E, K221V, K318D, K321D 228 pA14375 6 C17T, K102R, K131E, K221Q, K318D, K321D 229 pA14376 6 C17G, K102L, K131E, K221Q, K269N, K318D, K321D 230 pA14377 6 C17G, K269N 231 pA14378 6 Y53F, D167A, Y340A 232 pA15875 6 L3E, S4R, K5R, D6E, Y7N, L8G, R9Q, K10R, K11E, S21E, E25R, E29R, K32R, K34R, G35H, Y37R, Q49H, F50R, K62R, N63R, F64E, M66E, K67R, K70R, K72E, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94R, S96R, T98E, K102E, K104R, D105Q, K116D, D129E, K131E, P134D, E136R, K137E, R141Q, E144Q, I148E, E151R, T152R, A153R, R154T, K155E, Y156R, N157D, F158R, S187R, S190E, S191Y, K193E, K194R, N197P, S218T, Y219R, K221R, E224Q, D228E, K229E, G232R, K238R, E240T, N287E, D290R, E297R, S299Q, N300D, K302R, K318D, K321D, D322T, K324D, R325E, L326H, E327R, L328R, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, I364P, K365E, Y368R, Q369E, D373R, F376E, D377R, E380D, K382E, K384R, K392E, K393E, K396R, R397Q, S403R, N407D, L408R 233 pA15876 6 L3E, S4R, K5R, D6R, Y7H, L8G, R9E, K10E, K11R, S21E, E25R, K32R, E33Q, K34R, D36R, Y37D, F50H, N63R, K67E, K70R, K72E, E75D, D77R, K78R, I80R, E94R, S96E, T98E, N101Q, K102E, K104R, D105E, K116R, Y135Q, K137E, E140R, I148V, E151R, T152R, A153R, R154Q, K155E, N157E, F158E, Q159E, S187R, S190E, S191H, K193E, K194E, N197P, W203R, S218T, Y219R, K221R, E224Q, E240T, E262R, N287E, D290R, E297R, S299Q, N300D, K302R, K318D, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, I364E, K365R, F366R, Q369E, D373E, F376Q, E380D, K382R, K384R, K392R, K393E, K396R, S403E, N407D, L408G 234 pA15877 6 S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, K32M, K34L, G35S, Q49F, F50Q, K62R, N63R, K67E, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78M, E94L, S96E, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, K104R, D105Q, K116Q, K131E, V132T, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137R, E151R, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159T, P160I, S190E, S191T, K193E, K194R, N197E, W203R, G216N, D220R, K221T, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238E, E240T, R258E, E262R, N287Q, D290R, E297H, N300D, K302R, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, L328E, E345P, K348E, M349E, N352R, K353Q, I364E, K365R, E380N, K382N, K384D, N385T, S403A, N407Q 235 pA15878 6 S4R, K5Q, D6R, Y7N, L8G, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21E, K32Q, K34S, G35N, D36T, Q49H, F50R, E59R, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94R, S96E, T98E, N101Q, K102E, K104R, D105E, K116R, D129Q, P130S, K131E, V132T, P134D, E136R, K137E, E140R, R141Q, E147R, I148E, R154T, K155T, Y156D, N157P, F158N, 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E262Q, N287E, D290R, I292Q, K302R, R303E, E307R, K321D, D322T, K324D, L326H, E327R, L328E, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K365R, Q369R, D373R, F376E, K382R, K384Q, K392H, K393R, K396E, R397E, E400Q, S403R, N407E, L408R 241 pA15884 6 L3E, S4E, K5H, D6R, Y7H, L8G, R9Q, K10E, K11F, S21E, K34Q, D36T, Q49H, F50R, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, D77R, K78M, E94Q, S96R, K102E, K104R, D105E, K116T, K131E, Y135D, K137E, E140R, I148E, E151R, T152H, A153R, R154Q, K155Q, N157P, F158T, Q159E, S187R, S190E, S191A, K193Q, K194R, N197P, P200E, W203R, S218T, Y219R, K221R, E224Q, K229R, G232E, K238R, E240T, E262R, N287E, D290R, E297R, S299Q, N300D, K302R, K318D, K321E, D322T, R325Q, L328E, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349R, K353E, E356R, I364E, K365R, F376Q, E380D, K382R, K384T, N407H, L408R 242 pA15885 6 S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K11R, S21P, K32R, K34R, G35N, N63R, K67E, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94L, T98E, N101R, K102R, K104E, D105E, K116R, K131E, V132T, Y135W, E144R, E151R, 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Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, E29R, F30A, K32Q, E33Q, K34T, G35N, D36T, F50H, K62R, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, K72T, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94Q, S96E, T98E, N101E, K102Q, K104R, D105Q, K116L, K131E, V132T, P134D, E136R, K137R, E151R, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156R, N157P, F158N, P160T, S190E, S191H, K193R, K194Q, N197S, W203H, G216N, D220R, K221T, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238R, E240T, R258E, E262R, N287Q, D290R, E297H, N300D, K302R, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, L328E, E343D, K348R, M349R, N352E, K353Q, E356R, I364E, K365R, E380N, K382R, K384S, K392L, K393A, K396E, R397H, E400R, S403W, N407E 249 pA15892 6 S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, K32M, K34L, G35D, D36L, K62R, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78M, K104R, D105E, K116Q, K131E, V132T, Y135W, E151R, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159T, P160M, S191T, K193R, K194R, N197S, W203A, D204R, G216N, D220R, K221T, K238R, E240T, E297H, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, L328E, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353L, I364E, K365R, K384Q, N407R 250 pA15893 6 L3E, S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8G, R9E, K10R, K11H, S21E, K32I, E33T, K34R, G35H, D36E, Y37R, K62R, N63R, F64E, M66E, K67R, K70R, E75D, D77R, K78L, K104E, D105E, K116Y, D129L, K131E, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137E, E144R, T152R, A153R, R154T, K155Q, Y156Q, F158T, Q159E, P160F, V179I, S190E, S191W, K193R, K194R, N197P, W203R, Y219R, K229A, K238R, N287E, D290R, I292E, E297R, S299Q, N300D, K302R, Y315W, K318N, K321D, D322T, K324D, L326H, E327R, L328E, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352E, K353R, E356R, K365R, F366R, Q369E, F376E, K382R, K384R, S403R, N407E, L408N 251 pA15894 6 S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, K34L, G35N, K62R, N63R, K67E, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78M, E94L, S96E, T98Q, N101H, K102Y, K104E, D105Q, K116R, K131E, V132T, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137R, E144R, E151R, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159E, P160M, S191T, K193R, K194R, N197S, W203A, D204R, G216N, K221R, E224Q, K229Q, G232E, K238R, E240T, R258E, E262R, E297H, K318D, M349R, N352E, K353L, E356R, I364E, K365R, E380N, K382N, K384S, E389D, K392R, K396A, R397L, S403A, N407Q 252 pA15895 6 S4R, D6Q, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, K32M, K34L, G35N, D36T, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94L, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, D105E, K116Q, K131E, V132T, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159T, P160M, S190E, K193R, N197S, K229Q, G232E, E240T, R258E, E262R, N287Q, D290R, E297H, N300D, K302R, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349R, N352E, K353A, E356R, K384D, N385T, R397L 253 pA15896 6 L3E, S4R, K5R, D6Q, Y7N, L8G, R9Q, K11E, S21E, E25R, K34R, G35H, D36S, Y37R, Q49H, F50R, N63R, F64E, K67R, K70R, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94R, T98E, K102E, K104R, D105Q, K116R, E147R, I148E, T152R, V161E, S190E, S191Y, K194R, N197P, W203R, K238R, I292Q, K318D, E343N, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, I364P, K365E, Y368R, Q369R, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384D, E389R, K392E, N407H, L408R 254 pA15897 6 S4E, K5R, D6E, L8G, S21E, E33T, K34R, Y37R, Q49H, F50R, E59R, K62R, N63E, F64E, K67R, K70R, K78R, E94R, S96R, T98E, N101E, K102E, D105E, D129E, K137E, R141Q, S190E, K193E, K194R, N197P, P200E, W203R, S218T, Y219R, K221R, E224Q, E240T, N287E, D290R, I292Q, N300D, K302R, K318D, K321D, D322T, R325E, L326H, L328R, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K365R, F376E, K382R, S403R, N407E 255 pA15898 6 L3E, D6R, Y7H, L8G, K10E, K11H, S21E, Y22W, K32I, E33R, D36Y, M56W, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, E71R, E76P, D77R, K78M, S96E, N101Q, K104R, D105E, K131D, Y135D, K137E, E140R, E151R, T152Y, A153R, R154Q, K155Q, Y156F, S187R, S190E, S191A, K194R, N197P, W203L, Y219R, K229R, G232E, E262R, N287E, D290R, E297R, S299Q, N300D, K302R, K318D, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, L328E, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352E, K353R, E356R, I364E, K365R, F366Y, F376Q, E380D, K382R, K384T, E389R, K392L, K396Q, R397L, S403A, N407Y, L408D 256 pA15899 6 S4R, D6R, Y7N, L8G, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21R, K32Q, E33Q, K34Y, G35N, D36R, Y37E, E59R, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, E71S, E76P, D77R, K78R, I80L, S96E, N101Q, 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K10P, K11R, S21P, Y22W, K32M, E33R, K34Q, K62R, N63Q, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, D77R, K78M, E94L, S96E, T98R, N101E, K102Y, K104R, D105Q, K116I, D129Q, K131D, V132R, Y135L, K137E, E140R, R141L, E151R, T152Y, R154Q, K155E, Y156F, N157D, F158R, Q159E, P160M, S190E, S191A, K193E, K194R, N197D, W203R, S218T, K221Q, K229R, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238Q, E240T, N287L, D290E, 5299Q, N300D, K302R, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324D, E343D, K348R, M349R, N352E, K353L, E356R, I364E, K365R, F366Y, F376E, E380R, K382R, K384E, N385P, E389R, K392H, K396I, R397L, S403A, N407L, L408T 259 pA15902 6 S4Q, K5Q, D6R, Y7N, L8G, R9Q, K11W, S21E, E25R, K32Q, K34S, G35N, D36T, N63R, K67Q, K70R, K72H, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94R, S96E, T98E, K102R, K104R, D105E, K116R, P134D, E136R, K137E, E140R, E147R, I148E, T152Q, A153S, R154S, K155T, Y156D, N157P, F158N, Q159E, P160T, V179R, S190E, S191E, K193R, K194R, Y195Q, N197Q, W203H, G216T, Y219R, D220R, K221R, K229Q, G232E, N287E, D290R, K302R, R303E, E307R, K321E, K324E, R325Q, E327R, L328E, W331E, I364E, K365R, Q369R, K384Q, K392R, K393R, R397E, S403R, N407E 260 pA15903 6 L3E, S4E, K5H, Y7H, R9T, K11I, S21P, K32Q, K34Q, F50H, N63R, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, D77R, K78M, S96E, T98E, N101E, K102Q, D105Q, K116Y, D129Q, K137E, E140R, R141Q, A153Q, R154Q, K155E, Y156T, N157D, F158R, Q159E, S190E, S191H, K193E, K194R, N197D, W203R, S218T, D220R, K221T, K229R, G232E, E240T, N287H, D290Q, S299Q, N300D, K302Q, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324D, R325Q, L328E, E343D, K348R, M349R, N352E, K353H, E356R, I364E, K365R, Q369R, F376E, E380R, K382R, K384E, N385P, L408R 261 pA15904 6 S4E, K5R, D6H, L8N, R9L, K10P, E33N, K34R, G35H, D36E, Y37P, E59T, K62R, N63D, M66Y, E75D, E76L, D77R, K78D, E94L, S96A, T98E, N101S, K102R, K104E, D105E, K116R, D129Q, K131E, P134H, Y135W, E136W, K137E, E140L, R141L, E144D, E147A, I148V, T152V, Y156F, P160L, V179I, S190Y, S191Y, K194E, Y195A, N197R, G216R, K221R, D228S, K229R, R231E, G232E, E262L, E297R, N300E, K321D, L328W, M349R, N352E, K353R, E356R, G361P, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384E, N385P, S403A, N407D 262 pA15905 6 L3E, S4E, D6E, L8G, R9Q, K10E, K11Q, S21E, K32I, K34Q, D36Y, Q49H, F50R, M56W, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, D77R, K78M, E94R, S96E, T98E, N101R, K102E, K104E, D105E, K116L, D129W, K131D, V132E, Y135R, K137W, E140R, R141W, E144R, E151R, T152Y, A153R, R154Q, K155T, Y156F, F158T, Q159E, P160M, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194R, N197P, W203R, S218T, Y219R, D220R, K221R, E224Q, K229R, G232E, E240T, E262R, E297R, S299Q, K321E, D322T, L328E, E343Q, K348R, M349R, N352E, K353E, E356R, I364E, K365R, F366Y, F376Q, E380D, K382R, S403A, N407W, L408R 263 pA15906 6 S4P, K5H, D6H, L8G, K10P, K11F, S21E, Y22W, E29R, K32M, E33R, K34L, G35H, D36Y, Y37P, Q49H, F50R, M56W, E59T, K62A, M66Y, K67E, K70R, E71R, K72L, E75S, D77S, K78M, E94L, S96E, T98V, K102E, K104R, D105E, K116W, D129W, P130S, K131E, V132T, P134H, Y135W, E136Q, K137V, E140D, R141W, E147R, I148E, T152Q, K155G, Y156F, Q159W, V161I, V179R, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194R, P200R, G216R, Y219R, K221R, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232P, E235R, K238S, E240Y, E262L, N287E, E291R, E297R, N300E, K302M, K318D, K321E, D322T, S323G, K324P, R325Q, L328W, W331F, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, G361P, D363P, I364P, K365D, Y368R, Q369D, Y370H, D373E, Y375W, F376R, E380D, K382R, K384R, N385P, K392Y, K393H, K396E, R397L, E400R, S403A, N407L, L408D 264 pA15907 6 S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K11V, S21P, K32M, E33R, K34L, G35N, Q49F, F50Q, K62R, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78M, E94L, S96R, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, K104R, D105Q, K116R, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137I, R141W, E151R, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159E, P160M, S190E, S191T, K193R, K194E, N197S, W203Y, G216N, D220T, K221E, N287Q, D290R, E297H, K302Q, K321R, S323D, K324H, R325Q, E343D, K348R, M349R, N352E, K353L, E356R, E380N, K382N, K384Q, K396M, R397L, S403A, N407Q 265 pA15908 6 S4R, K5H, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, E29R, F30H, K32Q, E33R, K34H, G35N, F50H, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, K72T, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94Q, S96E, T98E, K102Q, K104E, D105E, K116Q, K131E, V132T, P134D, E136R, K137R, E144R, I148V, E151R, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156Q, N157P, F158N, P160T, S190E, K193E, K194R, N197E, W203R, G216N, K221R, E224Q, K229Q, G232E, K238R, E240T, R258E, E262R, E297H, K318D, E343D, K348E, M349R, N352R, K353Q, D377R, E380N, K382E, K384D, N385T, K392L, K393A, K396E, N407Q 266 pA15909 6 L3E, S4E, K5H, R9Q, K11F, S21E, K34Q, D36T, Y37E, Q49H, F50R, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, I80R, E94Q, S96E, N101E, K102E, K104R, D105E, K116T, K131D, V132E, Y135R, K137E, E140R, I148D, E151R, T152H, R154Q, N157P, F158E, Q159E, S190E, S191R, K194E, N197P, W203R, Y219R, K229R, G232E, E297R, S299Q, K318D, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, L328E, E343Q, E345D, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, N407H, L408R 267 pA15910 6 S4R, K5H, D6E, L8G, R9Q, K10P, K11E, S21E, E25R, E33R, G35H, D36E, Y37R, N63R, F64E, K67R, K70R, K72E, E75D, D77R, K78Q, S96R, K116R, D129E, P134D, E136R, K137E, R141Q, A153R, R154T, K155E, V161E, S190E, S191H, K193E, K194R, Y195H, N197P, P200E, W203R, S218T, Y219R, K221R, E224Q, K229Q, G232E, E240T, I292Q, K318N, K321D, D322T, L326H, L328E, K365R, Q369R, F376E, K382R, K384Q, E389R, K392H, K393H, K396E, E400R, S403R, N407E, L408R 268 pA15911 6 S4M, K5V, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9I, K10P, K11I, S21P, K32M, G35N, D36S, N63R, K67E, K70R, E71S, K78M, S96A, N101S, K104Q, D105E, K116L, D129Q, K131E, V132T, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137E, E140I, R141L, E144I, I148V, E151R, T152V, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159L, P160M, S190E, S191W, K193Y, K194R, N197S, W203A, K238S, E262L, N287L, D290R, E297H, N300D, K302L, D313P, K318D, K321R, K324P, R325A, L328D, W331L, M349R, N352E, K353L, E356R, N407L 269 pA15912 6 D6Q, L8N, S21P, K34L, G35D, D36Q, E75D, D77R, K78R, S96E, N101E, K104R, D105Q, K116R, D129Q, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137E, E140R, R141L, E151R, R154P, K155E, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159E, P160M, S190E, S191T, K194R, N197S, W203A, K229R, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238E, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, E343D, E345P, K348E, M349R, N352R, I364E, K365R, K384E, K392R 270 pA15913 6 L8N, R9E, K10P, S21P, E33H, K34I, G35H, D36E, Y37P, K62R, N63R, K70R, E75D, D77R, K78L, K104Q, D105E, K116R, E147R, R154Q, K155D, Y156F, N157P, Q159L, S190E, K193R, N197R, G216R, D220R, K221E, E240M, N287L, D290E, K302R, R303E, E307R, K324D, R325E, L328E, E343D, K348E, M349R, N352R, G361P, K365R, Q369R, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384E, N385P, S403A, N407F, L408T 271 pA15914 6 S4R, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, K34L, G35S, Q49F, F50Q, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, K78M, E94L, S96E, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, D105Q, D129Q, K131E, V132T, P134D, E136R, K137E, E140R, R141L, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156Q, N157P, F158N, S190E, K193R, N197S, K229Q, G232E, E240T, N287Q, D290R, K302Q, K321D, K324P, R325Q, E343D, E345P, K348E, M349R, N352R, I364P, K365R, F366Y, Q369R, Y375A, E380N, K382N, S403A, N407Q 272 pA15915 6 S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, K32M, E33R, K34T, G35N, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78M, S96E, K116Q, D129Q, P134D, E136R, K137E, E140R, R141L, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159T, P160I, S190E, K193R, K194E, N197E, K229Q, G232E, E240T, N287Q, D290R, N300D, K302R, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, K396M, R397L, S403L, N407Q 273 pA15916 6 S4E, D6H, L8G, K10E, K11Q, S21E, Y22W, K32M, E33Q, K34L, G35H, D36N, Y37P, Q49W, F50S, M56W, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, D77R, K78L, E94L, S96E, T98Q, N101Q, K102Y, K104Q, D105E, K116E, K131E, V132T, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137R, E147R, R154S, K155G, Y156F, N157P, Q159R, V161I, V179R, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194Q, P200R, G216R, Y219R, K221R, K229Q, G232E, K238R, E240Y, E262Q, N287L, D290E, E297R, N300D, K302R, K318D, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, G361P, I364P, K365R, Q369R, D373R, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384Q, N385P, K392R, K396R, R397L, L408D 274 pA15917 6 S4R, K5H, D6Q, L8N, R9E, K11V, S21P, F30H, K32Q, K34H, G35N, F50H, N63R, K67E, K70R, E71S, E75D, D77R, K78R, E94Q, S96E, T98E, N101E, K102Q, D105E, K116R, P134D, E136R, K137R, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156Q, N157P, F158N, Q159E, P160T, S190E, K193R, N197S, W203H, K229Q, G232E, E240T, N287Q, D290Q, K302R, R303E, E307R, K321D, K324P, R325Q, E343D, K348E, M349R, N352R, K384Q, N407Q 275 pA15918 6 S4R, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K11V, S21P, D36Y, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, E94L, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, D105E, K116R, K131E, V132T, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159E, P160M, S190E, S191T, K193R, K194Q, N197E, W203Y, K229Q, G232E, E240T, N287Q, D290R, K302Q, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, I364E, K365R, K384Q, N407E 276 pA15919 6 S4D, K5H, D6H, L8G, K10P, K11F, F30A, K32M, E33N, K34Q, G35H, D36Y, Y37P, Q49H, F50R, M56W, K62R, N63R, M66E, E75S, E76L, D77S, K78M, E94Y, T98W, K102E, K104R, D105E, P130S, K131E, V132T, Y135W, E136R, R141W, E147R, I148E, T152Q, K155G, Y156F, N157P, V179R, S190E, S191E, K193R, K194E, N197R, P200L, G216R, Y219R, K221R, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232P, E235R, K238W, E240Y, E262L, N287L, E297R, N300E, K302P, D313P, K318D, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, L328W, W331L, M349R, N352E, K353Q, E356R, G361P, D363P, I364P, K365E, Y368R, Q369R, Y375W, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384R, N385P, S403W, N407L, L408D 277 pA15920 6 L3E, S4R, K5H, D6E, L8G, R9Q, K10A, K11F, S21E, K32I, E33T, K34R, G35H, D36E, Y37R, Q49H, F50R, E59S, K62R, N63D, F64E, M66F, K67R, K70R, E75D, D77R, K78L, E94Y, S96R, T98W, K102E, K104R, D105Q, K116Y, D129E, K131E, Y135W, E136P, K137E, E144D, I148E, E151R, T152R, A153R, R154T, K155Q, Y156F, F158T, Q159E, V161W, V179I, S187R, S190E, S191W, K193R, K194R, N197P, P200M, W203Y, S218T, Y219R, K221R, E224Y, K229A, G232P, E235W, K238S, E240T, N287L, E297R, S299Q, N300E, K302L, D313P, Y315W, K318D, K321D, D322T, K324W, R325W, L326H, L328W, W331F, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352E, K353R, E356R, D363H, I364P, K365E, Y368R, Q369R, F376E, E380N, K382R, K384R, S403Y, N407F, L408W 278 pA15921 6 S4R, K5F, D6H, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11I, S21E, K32M, E33H, K34I, G35H, D36Y, Y37P, E59T, K62R, N63D, K70R, E75D, D77R, K78L, E94L, S96A, T98Q, N101T, K102Y, D105E, K116L, K131E, P134H, Y135W, K137E, P160L, V179I, S190Y, S191Y, K194E, N197R, G216R, K221V, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E262L, E297R, N300Q, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324D, E327I, L328W, E343D, E345P, K348Y, M349Y, N352L, K353L, E356W, G361P, D363P, I364L, K365E, F366H, Y368R, Q369D, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384S, S403A, N407W, L408T 279 pA15922 6 L3E, S4L, K5H, Y7N, L8G, R9Q, K10R, K11F, S21E, E33N, K34R, G35H, D36W, Y37R, N63R, F64E, K67R, K70R, D77N, K78M, K116Y, D129E, K131E, Y135W, E136P, A153R, R154T, K155Q, Y156Q, F158T, Q159E, P160F, V161W, V179I, S190E, S191W, K194R, N197P, W203L, S218T, Y219R, K221T, E224Y, K229A, G232P, N287L, E297R, S299Q, N300E, K302L, K321S, D322T, R325S, L326H, L328W, W331F, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, D363H, I364P, K365S, Y368R, Q369D, F376E, K382R, S403W, N407Y, L408W 280 pA15923 6 L3E, S4E, L8G, R9Q, K10R, K11R, S21E, K34R, D36E, F50H, M56W, K62R, N63Q, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, E76P, E94L, S96E, T98E, N101R, K102E, D105E, K131S, E136Q, K137E, E140R, E150A, K155D, Y156Q, N157E, Q159G, P160R, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194R, N197S, N201R, R205Q, Y219R, K229Q, G232E, N287R, N300D, K302R, K321E, L326H, E343Y, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, I364E, K365R, Y368R, Q369R, F376E, E380N, K382R, S403W, L408R 281 pA15924 6 S4E, K5H, D6H, L8G, R9Q, K11Q, S21Q, K34Q, G35H, D36H, Y37P, Q49H, F50R, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, D77R, K78L, E94R, T98E, N101E, K102E, K104R, P130S, K131E, V132T, E136R, E147R, I148E, V179R, S190E, S191Y, K194E, N197R, W203R, Y219R, K229Q, G232E, K238R, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, L328E, E343Q, E345P, K348Q, M349E, N352R, G361P, I364E, K365E, Y368R, Q369R, K384R, N385P 282 pA15925 6 S4L, K5H, D6Q, L8G, R9Q, K10R, K11F, S21E, Y22W, E25R, E29Q, K32I, E33T, K34R, G35H, D36H, Y37R, Q49H, F50R, N63R, F64E, K67R, K70R, K72E, D77N, K78M, E94Y, S96R, T98W, N101E, K102E, D105E, K116Y, D129L, K131E, P134H, Y135W, E136S, K137E, R141Q, A153R, R154T, K155Q, Y156Q, F158T, Q159E, P160F, V161Y, V179I, S190E, S191Q, K193R, K194R, Y195H, N197P, P200M, W203Y, Y219R, K229A, G232P, E240T, I292Q, K321D, D322T, R325D, L326H, L328W, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, D363H, I364P, K365S, Y368R, Q369D, D373R, F376E, K382R, K384R, K392F, K393R, K396R, R397E, E400Q, S403Y, N407F, L408W 283 pA15926 6 S4R, D6H, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11Q, S21P, E33H, K34R, D36E, K155D, N157P, G216R, K221R, K229Q, G232E, K238R, D241P, N287Q, K302R, K321D, K324D, E343D, K348E, M349R, N352R, G361P, K365R, Q369R, K384E, N385P, S403R, N407D, L408T 284 pA15927 6 S4D, K5A, D6H, L8G, K10P, K11F, S21E, Y22W, E25R, E29R, E33R, K34L, G35H, D36Y, Y37P, Q49H, F50R, N63R, K67R, K70R, K72L, D77N, K78M, E94Y, T98W, N101Q, K102E, D105E, K116W, P130S, K131E, V132T, K155G, Y156F, Q159W, V161I, G216R, Y219R, K221R, K238S, E262L, N287E, D290R, E297R, N300R, K302R, R303D, K318D, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, L328Y, W331E, E343N, E345P, K348E, M349E, N352R, K353R, G361P, D363P, I364P, K365E, Y368R, Q369R, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384Q, N385P, K392F, K393H, K396E, R397L, E400R, S403A, N407L, L408D 285 pA15928 6 S4R, K5H, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11V, S21P, E25R, K34T, G35N, N63R, K67E, K70R, E71Q, K72T, K78R, N101E, K104R, D105Q, D129Q, K131E, V132T, R141Q, E151R, A153S, R154P, K155P, Y156Q, N157P, F158N, K229Q, G232E, R258E, E262R, N287Q, D290R, E297H, K302Q, R303E, E307Q, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324P, R325Q, E343D, K348R, M349R, N352E, K353Q, E356R, I364E, K365R, E380N, K382N, S403R, N407Q 286 pA15929 6 L3E, S4Q, K5H, D6R, L8N, K11Y, K32Q, D36T, E75D, D77R, K78M, K116Y, K131D, V132R, A153Q, R154Q, K155E, Y156T, N157D, F158R, K193E, N197D, W203R, K229R, G232E, E240T, S299Q, D313P, K318D, M349R, N352E, K353R, E356R, I364E, K365R, Q369R, F376E, E380R, K382R, K384E, N385P 287 pA15930 6 S4L, K5V, D6Q, Y7W, L8N, R9I, K11I, S21P, Y22W, E25I, E29L, F30T, K32M, K34F, G35N, D36Y, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66Y, K67E, K70L, E71Q, K72L, E76L, K78M, E94L, S96A, T98R, N101T, K102Y, K104R, D105Q, K116L, D129Q, K131E, V132T, P134D, Y135W, E136R, K137Q, E140I, R141Y, I148V, E151R, T152V, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159L, P160M, S190E, S191T, K193L, K194R, N197S, W203A, D204S, D228S, K229Q, R231L, G232P, E240T, E297H, D313P, K318D, K321R, K324P, R325A, L328D, M349R, N352E, K353L, E356R, D377A, K384S, E389D, K392L, K393W, R397L, E400L, S403W, N407I 288 pA15931 6 S4R, D6H, L8G, R9E, K10P, K11Q, S21E, Y37P, K116E, K155G, Y156F, N157P, Q159R, V161I, V179R, G216R, Y219R, K221R, V222I, K229Q, G232E, N287E, D290R, N300D, K302R, K321E, R325Q, W331E, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, G361P, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384R, N385P, L408N 289 pA15932 6 S4M, K5V, D6Q, Y7N, L8N, R9L, K10P, K11Y, S21P, F30A, K34Y, G35N, D36F, N63E, K67R, K70R, E71S, K78M, S96A, D129Q, K131E, V132T, P134D, E136R, K137I, E140I, R141Y, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, P160M, K238S, E262L, N287L, D290R, E297H, N300D, K302L, K321R, K324P, R325A, W331F, E343M, E345P, K348W, M349T, N352M, K353L, I364E, K365R, Q369L, S403W, N407I 290 pA15933 6 S4L, K5V, D6Q, Y7W, L8N, R9I, K10P, K11I, F30A, K32M, K34T, G35D, D36Q, K70R, E71S, K78M, S96A, D129Q, K131E, V132T, P134D, E136R, K137Q, E140I, R141Y, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, P160M, K193L, N197S, W203A, D204N, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238S, E240T, E262L, N287L, D290R, N300D, K302L, D313P, K318D, K321R, K324P, R325A, W331L, K384L, S403W, N407L 291 pA15934 6 S4R, D6Q, L8G, R9H, K11E, S21R, K34L, G35H, D36S, Y37R, N63R, F64L, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, D77R, K78L, N101Q, K104R, D105E, K116Y, D129E, K131E, E144Q, E151R, T152Y, A153R, F158T, S190E, K193R, K194R, N197P, W203R, Y219R, E240T, N287E, D290R, N300D, K302R, K321D, D322T, R325E, L326H, L328R, W331E, E343Y, E345P, K348E, M349R, N352R, D373N, F376E, K382R, K384Q, R397S, N407H, L408R 292 pA15935 6 S4E, K5L, D6L, Y7W, L8N, R9Q, K10P, K11V, F30T, D36W, Q49F, F50Q, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66Y, K67Q, E76L, E94L, S96A, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, D105I, K116L, P125A, D129Q, K131Y, V132Y, P134D, E136R, K137Q, E140I, R141Y, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, Q159L, P160M, S190E, S191T, K194R, N197S, W203F, E262L, N287L, D290R, N300D, K302L, D313P, K318D, W331L, I364E, K365R, F366Y, Q369L, D377A, E380R, K382E, K393W, K396I, R397L, E400Y, S403W, N407I 293 pA15936 6 S4M, K5V, D6Q, L8N, R9L, K10P, K11Y, S21P, F30A, K34Y, G35N, D36F, K70D, E71S, E76R, K78M, Y135W, R154P, K155P, Y156V, N157P, F158N, P160M, S190E, S191T, K193Y, K194R, N197S, W203A, E262L, N287L, D290R, N300D, K302L, W331L, E343D, K348A, M349R, E380L, K382R, S403W, N407I 294 pA15937 6 S4M, K5L, D6Q, R9I, K10N, K11I, S21P, F30A, K32Q, K34Y, G35D, D36L, E59S, K62R, N63D, K67E, K70D, E71R, E76R, D77N, K78R, S96A, N101A, K104E, D105E, K116T, K131E, V132T, Y135L, K137V, E144R, I148V, E151R, K155E, F158N, P160E, S190D, S191T, K193R, K194R, N197E, W203Y, D204N, E240T, E262L, N287F, D290Q, K302L, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324E, W331L, E343N, E345P, K348E, M349T, N352R, I364P, K365R, E380R, K382L, S403F, N407I 295 pA15938 6 S4E, D6H, L8G, K11H, S21E, K32M, E33Q, G35D, D36E, Y37P, Q49F, F50S, M56W, K62R, N63R, M66E, K67E, K70R, E71R, E75D, E76P, I80Q, E94Y, S96E, T98Q, N101Q, K102W, K104R, D105E, K116E, D129W, K137V, R141W, E147R, Y156F, Q159R, V161I, V179R, S191L, G216R, Y219R, K221R, K229Q, G232E, K238R, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, G361P, K365R, Q369R, F376E, E380R, K382Q, K384R, N385P, N407H, L408D 296 pA15939 6 S4M, K5L, D6Q, R9I, K10N, K11I, S21P, F30H, K32Q, K34T, G35N, E59S, K62R, N63D, K67S, D77N, K78R, S96A, N101E, K104R, D105Q, K116T, K131E, V132T, Y135L, K137V, I148V, E151R, K155E, F158N, P160E, S191T, K193R, K194D, N197S, W203Y, D204N, G216R, K221Q, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238S, E240T, E262L, D290R, E297L, K302L, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324E, W331L, E345P, K348E, M349E, N352R, K353Q, I364P, K365R, F366Y, K384Q, S403T, N407Q 297 pA15940 6 S4M, K5V, D6Q, L8N, R9L, K10P, K11Y, S21P, Y22W, F30T, E33Q, K34Y, G35N, D36F, E59S, K62R, N63D, K67E, K70R, E71Q, E75D, D77R, K78M, E94L, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, D105E, K116L, Y135W, Q159E, P160M, S191T, K193L, K194A, N197S, W203A, D204R, E240T, E262L, N287L, D290R, N300D, K302L, D313P, K318D, K321R, K324P, R325A, W331L, I364E, K365R, F366Y, Q369L, D377A, K384S, E389D, K392L, K393W, K396I, R397L, E400Y, S403W, N407I 298 pA15941 6 S4M, K5H, D6E, L8G, K11F, E33N, K34R, G35H, D36H, Y37R, E75D, D77R, K78L, S96R, K104R, D105E, K116Y, D129E, P134H, Y135W, E136S, K137R, R141D, E144D, I148E, E151R, T152R, Y156E, F158T, P160F, V161E, V179I, S187Q, S190E, S191Q, K193I, K194R, Y195H, N197P, P200L, W203L, S218T, Y219R, K221T, E224Y, K229A, G232P, E240T, I292Q, K321S, D322T, R325S, L326H, L328W, E343Y, E345P, K348E, M349W, N352R, D363H, I364P, K365S, Y368R, Q369D, F376E, K382R, S403Y, N407F 299 pA15942 6 L3E, S4R, K5H, Y7N, R9Q, K11F, S21E, Y22W, E25R, E29R, E33T, K34R, D36E, Y37R, Q49H, F50R, E59S, K62R, N63D, F64E, M66Y, K67R, K70R, K72E, K78R, E94Y, T98W, N101E, K102E, D105E, K116Y, D129E, K131E, Y135W, E136P, A153R, R154T, K155Q, Y156F, F158T, Q159E, P160F, V161W, V179I, S190E, S191W, K194R, N197P, W203L, S218T, Y219R, K221T, E224Y, K229A, G232P, N287L, D290F, I292Q, K302L, R303E, E307R, K321S, D322T, R325S, L326H, L328W, W331F, D363H, I364P, K365S, Y368L, K384R, K392H, K396M, S403Y, N407F, L408W 300 pA15943 6 S4D, K5Q, D6R, Y7N, L8G, R9Q, K10P, K11W, S21E, E25R, K32Q, G35D, D36Q, K62A, N63R, M66Y, K67E, K70R, K72H, E75R, K78R, N101Q, K104R, D105E, K116Y, Y135W, E136P, I148V, E151R, T152V, R154Q, K155W, N157P, F158N, Q159L, P160F, V179R, S190E, S191W, K193R, K194R, N197E, P200L, D228S, K229Q, R231F, G232P, E240T, D241R, E262L, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349R, D363H, I364E, K365S, Q369R, E380N, K382N, N407E 301 pA15944 6 S4E, K5H, D6H, L8G, K10P, K11F, S21E, K34L, G35H, D36Y, Y37P, M56W, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66F, K67E, E71R, E75D, E76L, D77R, K78L, V179R, G216R, Y219R, K221R, D228S, K229Q, G232P, E262L, N287L, N300D, K302P, K321E, D322T, K324D, R325Q, E327R, L328W, W331L, E343D, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, G361P, D363P, K365D, Y368R, Q369R, K384R, N385P, L408D 302 pA15945 6 S4R, K5F, D6H, L8N, R9E, K10P, K11I, S21P, F30A, K32M, E33H, K34V, G35H, D36E, Y37P, Q49W, F50Q, E59T, K62R, N63D, K67T, K70R, E75D, D77R, K78L, E94L, S96A, T98Q, N101T, K102Y, K104Q, D105I, K116L, D129W, P130S, K131E, Y135W, K137L, R141L, E147R, I148V, T152V, A153G, R154Q, K155D, Y156M, N157P, Q159L, P160M, V179I, S190Y, S191Y, K193F, K194L, P200L, W203R, G216R, K221V, E224M, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238S, E240Y, D241P, E262L, N287L, E297R, N300Q, K302I, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324D, E327Y, L328W, W331L, E343L, E345P, K348W, M349Y, N352L, K353L, E356W, G361P, I364L, K365R, Y368L, Q369R, F376E, E380D, K382R, K384S, S403W 303 pA15946 6 S4P, K5A, D6H, K10E, K11H, S21R, K32Q, E33N, K34M, G35H, D36E, Y37P, M56W, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66Y, E75R, E76L, K78L, E94L, S96E, T98I, N101Q, K102Y, K104R, D105E, K131E, V132T, P134D, Y135L, E136T, K137R, E147R, I148E, V179I, S190D, S191R, K193R, K194E, G216R, K221Q, K229Q, G232P, E262Q, N287R, K302R, R303E, E307R, K321R, D322T, K324E, R325D, E327R, L328Y, E345P, K348Q, M349E, N352R, K353R, G361P, D363P, I364P, K365N, F376E, E380R, K382L, K384R, N385P, S403A, N407H, L408D 304 pA15947 6 S4D, K5H, D6H, R9L, K10N, K11I, S21P, K32A, E33N, K34M, G35H, D36L, Y37P, E59S, K62R, N63D, K67D, K70D, E71R, E75D, E76R, D77N, K78L, E94L, S96A, T98Q, N101D, K102Y, K104R, D105Q, K116T, K131E, K137V, E147R, I148V, K155E, P160A, V179I, S190E, S191L, K193R, K194R, G216R, K221I, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238S, D241N, E262L, N287H, D290E, K302I, R303E, E307R, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324E, L328Y, W331L, E345P, K348R, M349T, N352E, K353L, E356R, G361P, D363P, I364L, K365S, F376E, E380R, K382L, K384E, S403A 305 pA15948 6 S4D, K5A, D6H, K10D, K11I, S21P, E25R, E29I, K32I, E33R, K34T, E59S, K62R, N63D, K67S, K70D, K72L, E75D, E76R, D77N, K78L, E94L, S96A, T98R, N101E, K102Y, K104R, D105Q, R108I, K116T, K131E, V132R, Y135L, K137V, E140R, E151R, T152Y, R154Q, K155E, F158V, S187A, S190E, S191A, K193R, K194R, N197D, W203F, D220E, K221T, D228S, K229R, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238S, E240D, D241Q, R258L, E262R, N287H, D290E, S299A, K302I, R303E, E307R, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324E, L328Y, W331L, E345P, K348L, M349T, N352E, K353R, E356R, I364M, K365R, F366Y, F376E, D377R, E380R, K382E, K384T, N385P, K392L, K393T, K396M, R397L, S403A, L408D 306 pA15949 6 L3T, S4D, K5H, D6N, K10E, K11I, S21E, K32I, K34M, D36S, M56W, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66F, K67E, K70D, E71R, E76R, D77N, K78L, E94L, S96E, T98R, N101R, K102Y, K104E, D105E, K116T, K131E, Y135L, K137R, E144R, I148V, E151R, T152Y, A153R, R154Q, K155Q, F158V, S187A, S190E, S191A, K193R, K194R, N197S, P200M, W203Y, D220Q, K221T, E224Y, D228S, K229R, R231E, G232P, E235R, K238S, E240T, E262Q, N287E, D290R, K302I, R303E, E307R, D313P, K318D, K321R, D322T, K324E, R325D, L328Y, W331L, E343N, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, I364P, K365R, F366L, F376E, E380R, K382L, K384T, S403A, N407H, L408D 307 pA15950 6 S4M, K5L, D6Q, R9I, K10N, K11I, E25R, E29I, F30A, K32L, E33R, K34Y, G35D, D36L, E59S, K62A, N63E, M66Y, K67R, K70Q, K72I, D77N, K78R, S96A, K116T, K131E, V132T, Y135L, K137V, K155E, F158N, P160E, S191T, K193R, K194D, N197S, W203Y, D204N, G216R, K221Q, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238S, E240T, E262L, N287F, D290Q, K302L, D313P, K318D, K321R, K324E, R325D, W331L, E345P, K348E, M349T, N352R, D377S, E380R, K382L, K384S, E389D, K392L, K393Y, K396M, R397L, S403F, N407I 308 pA15951 6 S4N, K5Q, D6Q, K10R, K11E, S21P, K32Q, K34Y, G35N, D36R, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66F, K67E, K70D, E71R, E76R, D77N, K78R, S96E, K104R, D105E, P130S, K131E, V132T, E136P, K137R, E144I, I148E, E151R, K155E, F158N, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194R, N197L, G216R, K221Q, K229N, G232P, D241R, K321R, K324E, R325D, E327R, E343N, E345P, K348E, M349N, N352R, I364P, K365R, S403A, N407E 309 pA15952 6 S4L, K5L, D6Q, K10N, K11I, S21P, N63R, K67E, K70D, E71R, E76R, E94L, S96A, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, D105E, K116T, Y135L, K137V, K155E, F158N, P160E, S190D, S191T, K193R, K194R, N197S, W203Y, K238S, E262L, N287F, D290Q, K302L, D313P, K318D, W331L, I364P, K365R 310 pA15953 6 S4M, K5L, D6Q, R9I, K10N, K11I, S21P, E25R, K32L, K34T, G35N, E59S, K62R, N63E, K67R, K70Q, K72I, K78R, N101A, K104E, D105E, K131E, V132T, Y135L, E144R, I148V, E151R, K155E, F158N, P160E, S190D, S191T, K193R, K194R, N197S, W203Y, D204N, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232E, E235R, K238S, E240T, E262L, E297L, D313P, K318D, K321D, K324E, M349I, N352E, K353L, E356R, I364P, K365R, D377R, E380N, K382D, K393Y, S403L, N407Q 311 pA15954 6 K5A, D6Q, S21P, K32Q, K34Y, G35N, D36T, N63R, K67E, K70D, E71R, E76R, D77N, K78R, N101A, K104E, D105E, Y135L, E144R, I148V, E151R, K155E, F158N, P160E, S190E, S191T, K193E, K194R, N197S, W203F, G216R, K221Q, K238S, E297L, K321D, K324E, M349I, N352E, K353L, E356R, I364P, K365R, K384Q 312 pA15955 6 L3T, S4D, K5H, K10R, K11V, S21E, E25R, E29R, K32R, E33D, K34D, G35D, D36T, F50H, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66Y, K67R, K70D, K72E, E75R, E76R, K78L, E94R, S96E, T98E, K102E, K104R, D105E, D129R, K131S, V132S, E136P, K137R, I148E, E151R, T152Y, R154E, K155Q, F158L, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194E, N197R, P200E, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232P, E235R, K238S, E240T, N287R, D290E, K302I, R303E, E307R, K318N, K321R, K324E, R325G, L328Y, W331L, D363P, K365N, D373E, F376E, D377N, E380R, K382L, K384Q, E389R, K392L, K393E, K396M, E400R, S403A, N407R 313 pA15956 6 S4M, K5L, D6Q, R9I, K10N, K11I, S21P, E29R, K32Q, E33R, K34T, G35N, D36L, N63R, K67E, K70D, E71R, K72T, E76R, D77N, K78R, E94L, S96A, T98Q, N101E, K102Y, D105E, K131E, V132T, K137V, K155E, F158N, P160E, K193R, K194D, N197S, W203Y, D228S, K229Q, R231A, G232P, E240T, E262L, N287F, D290Q, K302L, R303E, E307R, W331L, E345P, K348E, M349T, N352R, D377S, K382L, K384S, E389D, K392L, K393Y, K396M, R397L, S403L, N407Q 314 pA15957 6 S4M, K5L, D6Q, R9I, K10N, K11I, E29R, F30A, K32Q, K34Y, G35N, D36L, E59S, K62R, N63D, K67E, K70D, E71R, K72T, E76R, D77N, K78R, S96A, N101E, K104R, D105Q, K116T, Y135L, K137V, I148V, E151R, P160E, S190E, S191T, K193R, K194A, N197S, W203Y, G216R, K221Q, E262L, D290E, K302L, R303E, E307R, D313P, K318D, W331L, E345P, K348E, M349T, N352R, E380R, K382L, K384S, E389D, K392L, K393A, K396I, R397L, E400R, S403F, N407H 315 pA15958 6 S4P, K5A, D6H, K10E, K11H, S21E, E33N, K34M, D36E, M56W, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66Y, K67E, K70D, E71R, E76R, K78R, K131E, V132T, E136D, K155Q, Y156M, S190E, S191R, K193R, K194E, N197R, Y219G, K238S, E262Q, N287R, K302I, R303E, E307R, K321R, D322T, R325G, L328Y, W331L, E343N, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, G361P, K384R, N385P, S403A, N407H, L408D 316 pA15959 6 L3T, S4D, K5H, D6A, K10E, K11I, S21E, E25R, E29R, K32I, D36T, N63R, K67E, K70D, K72E, E75R, E76R, K78L, S96E, N101Q, K104R, D105E, K116T, K131E, P134D, Y135D, K137R, E140R, I148V, E151R, T152Y, A153R, R154Q, K155Q, N157R, F158V, S187R, S190D, S191A, K193R, K194R, N197S, W203F, Y219G, K221Q, D228S, K229R, R231E, G232P, E235R, K238S, E262R, S299A, K318D, E343N, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, I364P, K365R, F366Y, D373E, F376E, E380R, K382L, K384R, E389D, K392L, K393A, K396M, R397L, E400R, L408D 317 pA15960 6 S4P, K5A, D6H, K10R, K11R, S21E, E33N, K34M, N63R, K67E, K70D, E71R, E75R, E76R, K78L, S96E, K104R, D105E, K116D, K131E, V132T, P134A, Y135L, E136P, K137R, E147R, I148E, K155Q, Y156M, Q159R, V179I, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194R, Y219G, D228S, K229Q, G232P, N287R, K302I, R303E, E307R, K321S, D322T, S323G, R325D, L328Y, W331L, E343N, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, K353R, I364L, K365S, F366L, F376E, E380R, K382L, N407H, L408D 318 pA15961 6 S4M, K5Q, D6A, R9I, K10A, K11I, S21E, E25R, E29R, F30A, K32Q, E33N, K34Y, G35N, D36T, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66Y, K67R, K70D, K72E, E76R, D77N, K78R, E94L, S96E, T98Q, N101Q, K102Y, K104R, D105E, K116T, P130S, K131E, V132T, E136P, K137R, I148V, E151R, K155E, N157D, F158N, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194R, N197E, P200M, G216R, D220Q, K221T, D228S, K229Q, R231E, G232P, E235R, K238S, R239S, E240T, E262L, N287R, D290Q, E297L, K302L, R303E, E307R, K318N, K321R, K324E, R325D, E327R, L328Y, W331L, E343N, E345P, K348E, M349Q, N352R, K353E, E356R, N357H, I364P, K365R, D377R, E380N, K382E, K384R, E389D, K392E, K393A, K396Q, R397E, S403F, N407I 319 pA15962 6 K5H, K10E, K11H, S21E, E29R, K32I, E33N, K34M, G35H, Y37P, M56W, E59S, K62R, N63D, M66Y, K67E, K70D, E71R, K72T, E76R, D77N, K78L, S96E, N101Q, K104R, D105E, K116D, K131E, V132T, P134A, Y135L, E136P, K137R, E147R, I148E, T152A, Y156M, Q159R, V179I, S190E, S191Y, K193R, K194R, G216R, K221Q, D228S, K229Q, G232P, E262Q, K318D, K321R, D322T, K324E, R325G, E327R, L328Y, E343N, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, D373R, K382L, K384R, K392L, K393A, K396M, R397E, E400R, S403A, N407H, L408D 320 pA15963 6 S4P, K5A, D6H, K10E, K11H, S21E, K32I, K34M, G35H, Y37P, N63R, K67E, K70D, E71R, K72L, E76R, D77N, K78L, E94L, T98Q, N101Q, K102Y, K104R, D105E, K116T, Y135L, E136P, E147R, I148E, K155Q, Y156M, V179I, S190D, S191E, K193R, K194R, K229Q, G232P, E262Q, K318D, K321S, D322T, R325D, L328Y, E343N, E345P, K348R, M349E, N352R, G361P, D363P, I364L, K365S, D373L, K382L, K384E, N385P, D386H, R388E, E389R, K392R, K393A, K396M, R397E, E400R, N407H, L408D 374 pA16624 6 C17T 375 pA16625 6 S18N 376 pA16626 6 S18A 377 pA16631 6 Q46W 378 pA16632 6 Q46R 379 pA16633 6 D84P 380 pA16634 6 D84A 381 pA16635 6 L89G 382 pA16637 6 H45Q 383 pA16638 6 H45A 384 pA16639 6 H45K 385 pA16640 6 Q46A 386 pA16643 6 D84G 387 pA16645 6 L89S 388 pA16647 6 H45F 389 pA16649 6 Q46S 390 pA16651 6 Q46T 391 pA16653 6 Q92A 392 pA16654 6 Q92M 393 pA16655 6 Q92P 394 pA16656 6 Q92D 395 pA16657 6 S123A 396 pA16659 6 Q92G 397 pA16660 6 H119N 398 pA16663 6 H119G 399 pA16664 6 H119P 400 pA16665 6 C122G 401 pA16668 6 C122E 402 pA16669 6 C122K 403 pA16670 6 H119S 404 pA16671 6 S123M 405 pA16672 6 S123R 406 pA16673 6 S123T 407 pA16674 6 M124R 408 pA16675 6 M124K 409 pA16678 6 T166M 410 pA16680 6 T166I 411 pA16682 6 T166L 412 pA16684 6 D167A 413 pA16685 6 D167V 414 pA16686 6 D167T 415 pA16687 6 D167N 416 pA16688 6 V168M 417 pA16689 6 V168R 418 pA16691 6 I170K 419 pA16693 6 A171P 420 pA16694 6 I170T 421 pA16695 6 I170M 422 pA16705 6 E175K 423 pA16706 6 E176Y 424 pA16707 6 E175V 425 pA16708 6 E176F 426 pA16710 6 G173S 427 pA16712 6 E175R 428 pA16719 6 G178P 429 pA16720 6 V210P 430 pA16722 6 V210T 431 pA16726 6 M212K 432 pA16729 6 M212L 433 pA16730 6 M212R 434 pA16733 6 T249S 435 pA16736 6 R339G 436 pA16737 6 R339A 437 pA16738 6 R339T 438 pA16740 6 R339E 439 pA16741 6 Y340P 440 pA16742 6 Y340R 441 pA16743 6 Y340H 442 pA16744 6 Y53V 443 pA16745 6 Y53S 444 pA16746 6 Y53A

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 is derived from Caldithrix abyssi. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 50.0 kDa to 52.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 is derived from Anaerolinea thermophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.3 kDa to 48.3 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 48.4 kDa to 50.4 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 is derived from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 50.0 kDa to 52.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 is derived from Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 48.3 kDa to 50.3 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 is derived from Dictyoglomus turgidum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.9 kDa to 48.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 is derived from Caldilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 44.7 kDa to 46.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 45.9 kDa to 47.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 is derived from Methanohalobium evestigatum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 44.7 kDa to 46.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 is derived from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 37.6 kDa to 39.6 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 is derived from Clostridium cavendishii. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 48.7 kDa to 50.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 is derived from Kosmotoga olearia. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 48.3 kDa to 50.3 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 is derived from Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 48.0 kDa to 50.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 is derived from Clostridium thermobutyricum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 50.6 kDa to 52.6 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 is derived from Litorilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.5 kDa to 48.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16 is derived from Enterobacter mori. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 47.5 kDa to 49.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 is derived from Caldisericum exile. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 47.1 kDa to 49.1 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18 is derived from Dictyoglomus thermophilum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.9 kDa to 48.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19 is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 45.9 kDa to 47.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20 is derived from Rhodothermus profundi. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.3 kDa to 48.3 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 is derived from Caldibacillus debilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 47.5 kDa to 49.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 is derived from Caloramator quimbayensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.8 kDa to 48.8 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23 is derived from Methanosalsum zhilinae. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 41.6 kDa to 43.6 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 321 is derived from Pseudothermotoga thermarum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa to 58.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 322 is derived from Pseudothermotoga hypogea. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.8 kDa to 56.8 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 323 is derived from Pseudothermotoga lettingae. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.9 kDa to 57.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 324 is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 57.5 kDa to 59.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 325 is derived from Geosporobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa to 58.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 326 is derived from Melioribacter roseus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 58.0 kDa to 60.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 327 is derived from Lysinibacillus sphaericus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.2 kDa to 57.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 328 is derived from Clostridium stercorarium. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 56.9 kDa to 58.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 329 is derived from Truepera radiovictrix. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 51.8 kDa to 53.8 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 330 is derived from Dictyoglomus turgidum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.7 kDa to 57.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 331 is derived from Caldilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 51.0 kDa to 53.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 332 is derived from Thermoflexus hugenholtzii. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 51.5 kDa to 53.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 333 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.7 kDa to 56.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 334 is derived from Petrotoga mobilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 43.8 kDa to 45.8 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 335 is derived from Spirochaeta thermophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.2 kDa to 48.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 336 is derived from Thermofilum pendens. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 53.4 kDa to 55.4 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 337 is derived from Rhodothermus marinus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 57.3 kDa to 59.3 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 338 is derived from Dictyoglomus thermophilum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.9 kDa to 57.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 339 is derived from Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.0 kDa to 57.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 340 is derived from Thermoanaerobacter mathranii. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.8 kDa to 56.8 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 341 is derived from Thermoanaerobacter italicus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.9 kDa to 56.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 342 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.7 kDa to 56.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 343 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.7 kDa to 56.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 344 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.6 kDa to 56.6 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 345 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.5 kDa to 56.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 346 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.2 kDa to 56.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 347 is derived from Petrotoga mobilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 43.9 kDa to 45.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 348 is derived from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.0 kDa to 56.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 349 is derived from Petrotoga mobilis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 44.4 kDa to 46.4 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 350 is derived from Spirochaeta thermophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.5 kDa to 48.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 351 is derived from Ignisphaera aggregans. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 29.1 kDa to 31.1 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 352 is derived from Thermotoga maritima. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.6 kDa to 56.6 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 353 is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.2 kDa to 57.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 354 is derived from Mesotoga infera. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 57.1 kDa to 59.1 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 355 is derived from Thermosinus carboxydivorans. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.5 kDa to 56.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 356 is derived from Halanaerobium congolense. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 57.5 kDa to 59.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 357 is derived from Halanaerobium congolense. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 57.5 kDa to 59.5 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 358 is derived from Halanaerobium saccharolyticum. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 57.2 kDa to 59.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 359 is derived from Gracilibacillus halophilus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 56.1 kDa to 58.1 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 360 is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.6 kDa to 57.6 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 361 is derived from Litorilinea aerophila. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 45.2 kDa to 47.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 362 is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.4 kDa to 57.4 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 363 is derived from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 56.3 kDa to 58.3 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 364 is derived from Caldicoprobacter faecalis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 54.4 kDa to 56.4 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 365 is derived from Thermoanaerobacter uzonensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 55.2 kDa to 57.2 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 366 is derived from Lactobacillus ingluviei. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 60.1 kDa to 62.1 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 367 is derived from Petrotoga mexicana. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 44.4 kDa to 46.4 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 368 is derived from Defluviitoga tunisiensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 44.0 kDa to 46.0 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 369 is derived from Petrotoga miotherma. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 43.8 kDa to 45.8 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 370 is derived from Petrotoga olearia. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 43.7 kDa to 45.7 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 371 is derived from Thermophagus xiamenensis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 46.4 kDa to 48.4 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 372 is derived from Treponema caldarium. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 45.9 kDa to 47.9 kDa. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 373 is derived from Thermofilum uzonense. In some embodiments, the polypeptide may have a molecular weight of 52.9 kDa to 54.9 kDa.

Polypeptides having D-fructose C4-epimerase activity according to the disclosure can be provided by means of recombinant DNA technology methods allowing it to be produced by cultivating in a culturing medium an appropriate host organism cell comprising a gene coding for the D-fructose C4-epimerase, and recovering the enzyme from the cells and/or the culturing medium. Examples of host cells for transformation include Escherichia. coli, (hereinafter referred to as E. coli), Corynebacterum glutamicum, Aspergillus oryzae, Pichia pastoris, or Bacillus subtilis, and the like. Examples of transformed E. coli microorganisms may include E. coli NEBT7EL-pA06233, NEBT7EL-pA06234, NEBT7EL-pA06235, NEBT7EL-pA06236, NEBT7EL-pA06237, NEBT7EL-pA06238, NEBT7EL-pA06239, NEBT7EL-pA06240, NEBT7EL-pA06241, NEBT7EL-pA07068, NEBT7EL-pA07069, NEBT7EL-pA07070, NEBT7EL-pA07071, NEBT7EL-pA07072, NEBT7EL-pA07073, NEBT7EL-pA07074, NEBT7EL-pA07075, NEBT7EL-pA07076, NEBT7EL-pA07077, NEBT7EL-pA07078, NEBT7EL-pA07079, NEBT7EL-pA07080, NEBT7EL-pA07081, NEBT7EL-pA06242, NEBT7EL-pA06243, NEBT7EL-pA06246, NEBT7EL-pA06247, NEBT7EL-pA06248, NEBT7EL-pA06249, NEBT7EL-pA06250, NEBT7EL-pA06252, NEBT7EL-pA06253, NEBT7EL-pA06254, NEBT7EL-pA06255, NEBT7EL-pA06256, NEBT7EL-pA06257, NEBT7EL-pA06261, NEBT7EL-pA06265, NEBT7EL-pA06266, NEBT7EL-pA06267, NEBT7EL-pA06268, NEBT7EL-pA06270, NEBT7EL-pA06271, NEBT7EL-pA06272, NEBT7EL-pA06273, NEBT7EL-pA06274, NEBT7EL-pA07082, NEBT7EL-pA07083, NEBT7EL-pA07084, NEBT7EL-pA07085, NEBT7EL-pA07086, NEBT7EL-pA07087, NEBT7EL-pA07088, NEBT7EL-pA07089, NEBT7EL-pA07090, NEBT7EL-pA07091, NEBT7EL-pA07092, NEBT7EL-pA07094, NEBT7EL-pA07095, NEBT7EL-pA07096, NEBT7EL-pA07097, NEBT7EL-pA07098, NEBT7EL-pA07099, NEBT7EL-pA07100, and NEBT7EL-pA07101.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 321. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 322. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 323. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 324. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 325. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 326. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 327. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 328. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 329. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 330. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 331. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 332. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 333. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 334. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 335. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 336. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 337. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 338. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 339. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 340. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 341. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 342. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 343. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 344. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 345. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 346. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 347. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 348. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 349. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 350. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 351. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 352. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 353. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 354. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 355. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 356. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 357. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 358. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 359. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 360. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 361. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 362. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 363. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 364. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 365. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 366. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 367. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 368. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 369. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 370. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 371. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 372. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 373.

TABLE 3 Native Sequences SEQ Plasmid NO. ID Sequence Organism 1 pA06233 MSLHPLNKLIERHKKGTPVGIYSVCSANPFVL Caldithrix abyssi KAAMLQAQKDQSLLLIEATSNQVDQFGGYTG MRPEDFKTMTLELAAENNYDPQGLILGGDHL GPNRWTKLSASRAMDYAREQIAAYVKAGFSK IHLDATMPLQNDATDSAGRLPVETIAQRTAEL CAVAEQTYRQSDQLFPPPVYIVGSDVPIPGGA QEALNQIHITEVKEVQQTIDHVRRAFEKNGLE AAYERVCAVVVQPGVEFADQIVFEYAPDRAA ALKDFIESHSQLVYEAHSTDYQTAPLLRQMVK DHFAILKVGPALTFALREAIFALAFMEKELLPL HRALKPSAILETLDQTMDKNPAYWQKHYGGT KEEVRFAQRFSLSDRIRYYWPFPKVQKALRQL LKNLQQISIPLTLVSQFMPEEYQRIRQGTLTND PQALILNKIQSVLKQYAEATQIQNSLTFTQNQN SLAMERL 2 pA06234 MMFGSPAPLLDMVTAQKQGMARGIPSICSAH Anaerolinea PVVLSAACHLARRSGAPLLIETTCNQVNHQGG thermophila YSGMTPADFVRFLREILEREGIPPQQVILGGDH LGPYPWRKEPAETAIAQALEMVRAYVQAGYT KIHLDASMPCADDDPERPLPLERIARRAAQLC AAAEAAAGAVQPVYVIGSEVPPPGGAQGQEA RLHVTTPQEAQAALDAFREAFLQAGLTPVWE RVIALVVQPGVEFGVDSIHAYQREAARPLKTFI EGVPGMVYEAHSTDYQTRASLRALVEDHFSIL KVGPALTFAYREAVFALEHIEREILGRQDMPLS RLSEVLDEVMLNDPRHWQGYFAGAPAEQALA RRYSFSDRIRYYWHHPAAQEAVRRLLANLIET PPPLSLLSQYLPREYEMVRAGEISSHPQDLIRA HIQHTLEDYAAACG 3 pA06235 MAKEHPLKELVNKQKSGISEGIVSICSSNEFVIE Thermoanaero- ASMERALTNGDYVLIESTANQVNQYGGYIGM bacterium TPIEFKKFVFSIAKKVDFPLDKLILGGDHLGPLI thermo- WKNESSNLALAKASELIKEYVLAGYTKIHIDTS saccharolyticum MRLKDDTDFNTEIIAQRSAVLLKAAENAYMEL NKNNKNVLHPVYVIGSEVPIPGGSQGSDESLQI TDAKDFENTVEIFKDVFSKYGLINEWENIVAF VVQPGVEFGNDFVHEYKRDEAKELTDALKNY KTFVFEGHSTDYQTRESLKQMVEDGIAILKVG PALTFALREALIALNNIENELLNNVDSIKLSNFT NVLVSEMINNPEHWKNHYFGDDARKKFLCKY SYSDRCRYYLPTRNVKNSLNLLIRNLENVKIP MTLISQFMPLQYDNIRRGLIKNEPISLIKNAIMN RLNDYYYAIKP 4 pA06236 MNTEHPLKNVVKLQKKGIPIGIYSVCSANEIVI Thermoanaero- QVAMEKALSMDSYVLIEATANQVNQYGGYT bacter NMKPIDFRDFVYSIAKRINFPENRIILGGDHLGP thermo- LPWKNQQAKKAMEEAKELVKQFVMAGFTKI hydrosulfuricus HVDTSMLLGDDNINIKLDTETIAERGAILVSVA ERAFEELKKFNPYALHPVYVIGSEVPVPGGSQ KENNNEIQVTKPTDFEETVEVYKSTFYKYGLG NAWEDVVAVVVQAGVEFGVEDIHEYDHQQA ENLVSALKKYPNLVFEAHSTDYQPAKLLKEM VRDGFAILKVGPELTFALREGLFALNIIEKELFK DNHDIEMSNFIDILDTAMLNNPKYWEQYYYG DDNKIRIARKYSYSDRCRYYLIENEVRASMSR LFKNLTNVEIPLTLISQYMPIQYEKIRMGLLKN DPENLVKDKIGNCIDKYLYATNPTSGEFKLI 5 pA06237 MSPQNPLIGLFKNREKEFKGIISVCSSNEIVLEA Caldicellulosiruptor VLKRMKDTNLPIIIEATANQVNQFGGYSGLTPS kronotskyensis QFKERVIKIAQKVDFPLERIILGGDHLGPFVWR DQEPEIAMEYAKQMIKEYIKAGFTKIHIDTSMP LKGENSIDDEIIAKRTAVLCRIAEECFEKISINNP YITRPVYVIGADVPPPGGESSICQTITTKDELER SLEYFKEAFKKEGIEHVFDYVVAVVANFGVEF GSDEIVDFDMEKVKPLKELLAKYNIVFEGHT DYQTKENLKRMVECGIAILKVGPALTFTLREA LVALSHIEEEIYSNEKEKLSRFREVLLNTMLTC KDHWSKYFDENDKLIKSKLLYSYLDRWRYYF ENESVKSAVYSLIGNLENVKIPPWLVSQYFPSQ YQKMRKKDLKNGAADLILDKIGEVIDHYVYA VKE 6 pA06238 MWLSKDYLRKKGVYSICSSNSYVIEASIEFAKE Dictyoglomus KGDYILIEATPHQVNQFGGYSGMTPEDFKNFV turgidum MKIAKEKGLEEDKIILGGDHLGPLPWQDEPSPT AMNKAKDLIRAFVESGYKKIHIDCSMPLSDDP KVLPYEKIAERTRELFEIAEETARKYNFQPVYV VGTDVPIAGGGEEEGVTSVEDFRSAISSLKKYF NDVPNIWDRVVGFVIMLGIGFSYDKVFEYDRD KVRGILEEVKREDLFVEGHSTDYQARYALRN MVEDGVRILKVGPALTAAFRRGVFLLSNIEDEI IPERERSNIKRVILETMLRDDRYWRKYYKDSK RLELDIWYNLLDRIRYYWEYEDVKMVLNKLF ENFSEGVDIKFIYQYFYDSYFDVREGKMKNDP RELIKKEIKRVLEDYSYAINL 7 pA06239 MSTLRHIILRLIELREREQIHLTLLAVCPNSAAV Caldilinea LEAAVKVAARCHTPMLFAATLNQVDRDGGY aerophila TGWTPAQFVAEMRRYAVRYGCTTPLYPCLDH GGPWLKDRHAQEKLPLDQAMHEVKLSLTACL EAGYALLHIDPTVDRTLPPGEAPLVPIVVERTV ELIEHAEQERQRLNLPAVAYEVGTEEVHGGLV NFDNFVAFLDLLKARLEQRALMHAWPAFVVA QVGTDLHTTYFDPSAAQRLTEIVRPTGALLKG HYTDWVENPADYPRVGMGGANVGPEFTAAE FEALEALERREQRLCANRKLQPACFLAALEEA VVASDRWRKWLQPDEIGKPFAELTPARRRWL VQTGARYVWTAPKVIAAREQLYAHLSLVQAD PHAYVVESVARSIERYIDAFNLYDAATLLG 8 pA06240 MQAQALLTVPFDRVATHARGFVGWVAELLQ Rhodothermus GPLAYQHTLLAVCPNSEAVTRAALEAAAEAN marimus APLLFAATLNQVDLDGGYTGWTPATLARFVA DELARLDLHIPVVLGLDHGGPWKKDLHARNR LSFEETFQAVLRAIEACLDAGYGLLHLDPTVD LELSPGTPVPIPRIVERSVALLRHAETYRLRRNL PPVAYEVGTEEVGGGLQAEARMAEFLDRLWT ALDREGLPHPVFVVGDIGTRLDTRTFDFERAR RLDALVRRYGALIKGHYTDDVDRLDLYPKAG IGGANVGPGLAAIEFEALEALVEEARRRGLSV TFDQAIRRAVVESGRWTKWLQPEEKGQPFDA LDPERQRWLVATGSRYVWTHPAVLQARRELY EALAPWLDADAFVRTRIKARLMDYFRAFNLIH FNERLQAFLPE 9 pA06241 MTDEDFEPICEISEQFRNYCNQMLESEYDPKPS Methanohalobium KYIFNILQNQKTIVMAANPRIGLVTRGILRAAK evestigatum DADAPIILELARSECNLENGYTGLYPSDFSEQC YQAAKDVGYDIWALHADHIGIKKGDREDIEK TKELVKAQIDAGYTSFAIDASHLFNFQGGDLR EELKDNIDATTEIAKFIEEQMDDREYGLEVEV GEIGREDEHGRVLTNPEEAVTFIKALNENGVY PQVLAIANGSAHGNTYDSQGRLIEQVSIDIPQTI KVAQALKENNLKVRIAQHGITGTPRELIHDHF PHGEIIKGNVGTFYMNLVWDAFKLFEPELYND IWNWTVENYKQKSPDKTDSEIFGKYSKFAIKQ FFDRIYSVNEDTKRAIDAMAYAETLYFLKSFN AERTASIVRDGIK 10 pA07068 MNTEHPLKNVVKLQKKGIPIGIYSVCSANEIVI Thermoanaero- QVAMEKALSMDSYVLIEATANQVNQYGGYT bacter NMKPIDFRDFVYSIAKRINFPENRIILGGDHLGP thermo- LPWKNQQAKKAMEEAKELVKQFVMAGFTKI hydrosulfuricus HVDTSMFLGDDNINIKLDTETIAERGAILVSVA ERAFEELKKSNPYALHPVYVIGSEVPVPGGSQ KENNNEIQVTKPADFEETVEVYKSTFYKYGLG NAWEDVVAVVVQPGVEFGVENIHEYDHQQA ENLVSALKKYPNLVFEAHSTDYQPAKLLKEM VRDGFAILKVGPELTFALREGLFALNIIEKELFK DNHDIEMSNFIDILDTAMLNNPKY 11 pA07069 MQRNYLLDIVEAQNNGIHKGIYSACSANEYVI Clostridium EAAMERAKNTNEYVLIEATANQVNQYGGYTG cavendishii MKPIDFKNFVYDIADKINFDKDKIILGGDHLGP LTWSKETEKEAMAKSHELVKEYVMAGFTKIH LDTSMYLADDDRSKKLATEVIARRGAELCKT AEESFKALKERNSMAVAPVYIVGSEVPIPGGIQ DEEEGIQVTKPEDFLETVKVYKAEFKDKGIDE VWNRVIGVVVQPGVEFGDESVHEYNREKAEK LVNSLRGVKGIVFEGHSTDYQTKTKLKEMVE DGIAILKVGPALTYGLREALFALNHIENEIFKY RADIKLSNFINVLETSMVEEPTHWKQHYHGDA EDIKYAMRYSYSDRCRYYMPTEAVNKAMNIL IENLESVEIPLTIIDQYMPMQYKKIREGLIQNKP KELIKDRIGDYIDDYLYALR 12 pA07070 MKKHPLQDIVSLQKQGIPKGVFSVCSANRFVIE Kosmotoga olearia TTLEYAKMKGTTVLIEATCNQVNQFGGYTGM TPADFREMVFSIAEDIGLPKNKIILGGDHLGPN PWKGQPSDQAMRNAIEMIREYAKAGFTKLHL DASMRLADDPGNENEPLNPEVIAERTALLCLE AERAFKESAGSLRPVYVIGTDVPPPGGAQNEG KSIHVTSVQDFERTVELTKKAFFDHGLYEAWG RVIAVVVQPGVEFGNEHIFEYDRNRARELTEAT KKHPNIVFEGHSTDYQTAKALKEMVEDGVAIL KVGPALTFALREAFFALSSIEKELFYDTPGLCS NFVEVVERAMLDNPKHWEKYYQGEERENRL ARKYSFLDRLRYYWNLPEVRTAVNKLITNLET KEIPLTLISQFMPMQYQKIRNGLLRKDPISLIKD RITLVLDDYYFATHPEC 13 pA07071 MNHNPLKKIVELQKQGKNVGIYSVCSANGYVI Butyricicoccus EAALKRGKSDGSCVLIESTANQCDQNGGYTG pullicaecorum MTPLDFKNFVLGIADKVGFDPKRLFLGGDHLG PLTFAGMDEAQAMENAEELIRHYVGAGFTKIH IDTSMKVASDDPNTRLSDETIAKRGARLARVA QDTYHKLLESDPDAIAPVYIVGSEVPIPGGAVG AVDQGVQVTKVEDFKNTVATFEKAFREQGLD EAWDNVIGVVVQPGVEEKDSGCTEYDREKAK DLMASIQEFPNLVFEGHSTDYQTKIKLRELVED GVGILKVGPALTFAMREGMFALENIEKELIYG TDITPSGFQDALEAEMLKEGKHWRKHYQGTE LELRMKRKYSFSDRCRYYMPTPAVEAAKERLI SNLRTLGIPLNLLSQFMPIQYTKVREGLLVNDP VELVEDRIINTIDEYLYATHQKELL 14 pA07072 MLLKVKEHPIRELVNRYKNGENVGIFSVCTSN Clostridium EYVIEAAMERVIDKDLDLLIESTANQVNQDGG thermobutyricum YTGMQPKDFVNYVYKIADKVNFPKDRIILGGD HLGPLTWTKLVQEEAMEKAKVLIRDYVLAGF TKIHIDTSMPIYDDLEKGVFGDDLIAERAAILC NVAEIAYRELLKTNEDAIHPIYVVGSEVPVPGG VQAEEAEEEIENGIKVTRVEDFKNTVEVFKKK FKEHGVEEAFNYVVGVVVQPGVEFSSDTVWK YEREKAKDLSKALKEYDNLVFEAHSTDYQSP KSLREMVLDGFNILKVGPALTFGFREAAFALN KIEEEMFRFRPDIEESRFIQTLDYNMVKHPENW IKHYSGTSENIRFSRMYSLSDRCRYYMPNEEV EYSFNKMINNLDKEEIPIALISQYMHNQYKKV RDGELKPKGLNLLKDFIGEYVDDYIFAVEDK 15 pA07073 MYPVLENILRAQQQGEALGIPSICSAHPFVLEA Litorilinea TFRHALTTGRTVLIESTCNQVNQHGGYTGMTP aerophila GDFVAYVAALADRLHFPRERILLGGDHLGPNP WRDRPADQALNQARILVQEYVRAGYGKIHLD ASMACGGDPADAPLDKAVAAERAAALAEAA EAAFQRMGSGTPPCYVIGTEVPPPGGAQGDD MPLAITAPREVAETIELTQAAFRRRGLEAAWE RVIAVVVQPGVEFGDEQVHPYDRAAAAGLAR AIEPYGRLVYEAHSTDYQTRQALRDLVADHF AILKVGPALTFAFREAVFALAAVEEEWLAGQA GVVLSRLREELEAAMIQDPTHWRGYYRGDER HQRLARRYSYSDRARYYWPRPSVQAALERLL HNLEAAPPPLTLLSQYLPVQYWSVREGLLEPT PRSLIVDKIIQVLNDYTWACGG 16 pA07074 MERKVKHLTHMVEQHKRGNANGIYAVCSAH Enterobacter mori. PLVLEAAIRYAQSHQTPLLIEATSNQVDQFGG YTGMTPEDFYGFVCCLAESLDFPTSQLILGGD HLGPNRWQNLPAQQAMANADDLIKSYVAAG FKKIHLDCSMSCEDDPVPLTDAIVAERAARLA KIAEATCREQFGVTDLVYVIGTEVPVPGGAHE TLTELEVTTPDAARATLEAHRHALEKEGLNDI WPRIIGLVVQPGVEFDHAHVCDYQPHKAVAL SKMVEAYDTLLFEAHSTDYQTPQALRQLVKD HFAILKVGPALTFALREALFSLAAIEEELLPAK ASSGLRHVLENVMLDRPEYWQSHYHGDGNA RRLARGYSYSDRVRYYWPDSQIDDAFERLVR NLADEPIPLPLISQYLPLQYGKVREGALKSTPR ELIIDHIQDILQQYHAACEGVTTQNA 17 pA07075 MWLDSNFLKNRGIFSICSSNENVLDASIEFAKE Caldisericum exile KEDFLLIEATCHQVNQFGGYTKMTPESFSKKIF KKAEEMNFNPERLLLGGDHLGPEPWKNENAD TAMDKAKQLVIEFVKNGFNKIHLDCSMPLKG DSDFSTTLVADREAELCAVAEETYEKYGGNRP VYVVGTEVPAPGGSTNEVPEVTSIEELDEMIEE LQNAFLRLGLKNAWDRVIAIVVRLGIGFGGDS VSEYESEKTKELCTYLSRYYPSLYFEAHSTDY QTAGSLKQMVKDGIRILKVGPALTDAYRRGM FALNFIEKESIDEEKQSRLVENVLKVMDEYPR YWEDYYNSVGKTLRLDQMYSYFDRIRYYWG FEEVEKSKNRLIENLKDMQMNLIRQYLPEQYE KIRENKLNKDPRALINYEIKKVLNDYQKSVILE 18 pA07076 MWLSKDYLRKKGVYSICSSNPYVIEASVEFAK Dictyoglomus EKNDYILIEATPHQINQFGGYSGMTPEDFKNFV thermophilum MGIIKEKGIEEDRVILGGDHLGPLPWQDEPSSS AMKKAKDLIRAFVESGYKKIHLDCSMSLSDDP VVLSPEKIAERERELLEVAEETARKYNFQPVY VVGTDVPVAGGGEEEGITSVEDFRVAISSLKK YFEDVPRIWDRIIGFVIMLGIGFNYEKVFEYDRI KVRKILEEVKKENLFVEGHSTDYQTKRALRD MVEDGVRILKVGPALTASFRRGVFLLSSIEDEL ISEDKRSNIKKVVLETMLKDDKYWRKYYKDS ERLELDIWYNLLDRIRYYWEYKEIKIALNRLFE NFSEGVDIRYIYQYFYDSYFKVREGKIRNDPRE LIKNEIKKVLEDYHYAVNL 19 pA07077 MQAQALLTVPFDRVATHARGFVGWVAELLL Rhodothermus GPLAHQHTLLAVCPNSEAVTRAALEAAAEVN marinus APLLFAATLNQVDLDGGYTGWTPATLARFVA DELARLDLHIPVVLGLDHGGPWKKDLHARNR LSFAETVQAVLRAIEACLDAGYGLLHLDPTVD LELPPGTPVPIPRIVERTVALLRHAETYRLRRN LPPVAYEVGTEEVGGGLQAEARMAEFLDRLW TALDREGLPHPIFVVGDIGTRLDTRTFDFERAC RLDALVRRYGALIKGHYTDDVDRLDLYPKAG IGGANVGPGLAAIEFEALEVLVDEARRRGLSV TFDQAIRRAVVESGRWTKWLQPEEKGRPFEAL DPERQRWLVATGSRYVWTHPAVLQARRELYE ALAPWLDADAFVRERIKARLMDYFRAFNLIHF NERLQAFLPE 20 pA07078 MQAHVLLAPSFEQLADHRHGFVGWLVDLLRG Rhodothermus PLAYRHTLLAVCPNSEAVTRAALEAAREANAP profundi LFFAATLNQVDLDGGYTGWTPATLARFVADE RIRLGLRAPVVLGLDHGGPWKKDWHVRNRLP YEATLQAVLRAIEACLDAGYGLLHLDPTVDLE LPPGTPVPIPRIVERTVALLQHAETYRQQRRLP PVAYEVGTEEVGGGLQAEARMAEFLDRLWTV LDREGLPRPVFVVGDIGTRLDTHTFDFERARR LDALVRRYGALIKGHYTDGVDRLDLYPQAGI GGANVGPGLAAIEFEALEALVAEAHRRKLPVT FDRTIRQAVIESGRWQKWLRPEEKGRPFEALP PERQRWLVATGSRYVWTHPAVRQARHQLYQ VLAPWLDADAFVRARIKARLMDYFRAFNLIGF NERLQAFLPN 21 pA07079 MAKIPIQSAVKALLELQDEGKGGTLLGIGPMS Caldibacillus TNVLQASFELARDYDFPLMFIASRNQVDLDEL debilis. GGGYVNGWNQYTFVQAIREMAELTGFDGLY YVCRDHGGPWQRDKERNDHLPVEEAMALGK KSYLADIEAGFDLLMIDPTKDPFEIGKVIPLEK VIERTVELIEFCEKERQARDLPEIGYEVGTEET NGGLTSTETYETFILRLQEELGRRDLPMPTFIV GQTGTLVRKTEQAGRFSFENAADLAKMAKKY GVGLKEHNGDYLDDVILLAHIPSQITATNVAP QYGTEETRALLKLAKLEEKLKEQGLIGQPSKV KDVLLYHSIKSERWRKWMVGSQRELSVEEIV KDEELSTEILDIAGHYTFNIDEVKEEINKLYRN LSKAHIDGQRFVVDHIKRSIRNYVECFNLKGLT SRIKEKLNGSKNA 22 pA07080 MKKISIFEIVKASLNMKGKDKATLLGIGPMSK Caloramator TLIKASMILAKEKDFPLMFIASRNQVDLKELGG quimbayensis GYVCNWDQKSFASDIKKIAEEVGFNGLYFLCR DHGGPWQRDNERNAHLPENEAMELGKKSYL EDLINGFDLLHIDPTKDPYIVGKTVPMEIVLKR TIELIEYVERERKERNLPPISYEVGTEETNGGLT SEEAYETFIKTLIEELDKRNLPKPSFIVGQTGTL TRLTENVGNFNTKNSKKLADIAKKYSVGLKE HNGDYLDEAILLEHPALGITAMNVAPEFGSVE TQAYLKLIEVENNLYEHGIISKKSNLEKVIKEE AVKSLRWKKWMVGDKVNLSIEEVLSDKDLT DLITEISGHYTFNNERVKCEIQLMFDNLNKAG VDGEKYVINKIKDSIDKYIKYFNLEGFTTKVLS NV 23 pA07081 MTDTNYKAKPGSLLFESLMDKETIILAINPRISL Methanosalsum LNKGILKAAKDMDAPIILELAKSECNLEGGYT zhilinae GFTPSEFSKRAYESAEEIGIDIWSLHADHIGIKK GTDEEIESIKKLVKAQIDAGYTSFAIDASHLFNF RGGNLREELKDNIEATTKVARFIDEQMEDRDY GLEVEVGEIGREDEYGRVLTQPEEAVTFIKAL NENGVYPQVLAIANGSAHGNTYDEYGHLIEQ VSIDIPQTMAVARALRDNNLNVRIAQHGITGTP IEMIHNHFPHGDIIKGNVGTFYLNLVWDVLKV FEPQLYGDIWDWTIENFSEKYPDKSENEIFGKY SKYAIKEFFDRIYSVGDDTIRAVESRAYADTLV FLKAFKAAGMAEHVRKNL 321 pA06242 MKLLEEFLKAFPGRFKVYGSSLRIITDSYFFLG Pseudothermotoga NDGKEKLLFVVGKKGICQLFDGQKIGQIGSND thermarum VLMCKKTHENLLALRKIINLNPTTINKKASFGF GDRIGLATPAHAKVAKDFEVFPIFAQQSVRELS RTGRTYKDVLDDAVWGVFESGYNFEFGADA DHVKEIEDLEKASNEGFTMYTVDPSDHIKDVS KLSQKEFQSLYQDNKIRRELEMRYVGKLYKF KDFEFRMTDEEFAEIFVTYIDAIEHVCKCYDVL KAKGKPFDFEVSIDETAVPTTPLAHIFIVKELRR RGIDFKTLALRFSGEWQKGIDYIGDMEMFRKE IITHSKISKELGGYKLSLHSGSDKFSVYPIFSEA TEGEFHVKTAGTNYLEAIRVVAVKDPELYREI HKFALTKFEQDRKSYHVTTDLSKIPDVDKMK NEELVKLLDMPDSRQLIHITYGSVLTAKDENG RWLFKERILKVLQENEDLHYDFVEKHMRKHL SLLGLERRIEK 322 pA06243 MFAEFQHLTRGKFVPYATSLRKSTDATFFLVR Pseudothermotoga DELDKYLIVIGKKGICELFEGQKIGEIDRQDVV hypogea LCAKNDRNCQSLMSLFPSLKPQICNAKLSFGF GDRLGVATAAHAQCVQKEKLFPIFAQQSVREI SRTERNWLDVLHSAVWGVFESGYDGPFGADA DHVKKIEDLESAARAGYTMFTIDPSDHVKDPA KFDKRELVRFYEEHPMRRTLEMKYIGKSFTVL GEKLTFDEENFAEVFVTYIDAIEHVEKCYRAL RAVCKTSFDLEVSIDETSVPTTSLAHIFFVQELV RRGVEFRTLALRFPGEWQKGIDYVGDIDLFSE NLDKHVAIVKMFTGYRLSLHSGSDKFSVYPIL AEKTDRTIHVKTAGTSYLEAIRVVAKFAPDLY RQIHKYALSRFDQDKASYHVTTELSKIPDVDK LEDSELPSLLDQPDSRQLIHITYGSVLTAKKEG RSLFKDRIMRVLFEHEAEHYDFLKKHLGKHIQ LLGV 323 pA06244 MAENIVEKFEKLFKGKYKIYYSSIRKLEKSFFF Pseudothermotoga MIRDQKQKYLISIAKKRICEKFEGKKIGRINDL lettingae DILMCPTNDYNCKVIRTLFNINPSVCKKNTSFG FGDRLGLATPAHTTLINKYDVFPVLAQQSVRE LSRTHRNFKDVLDSAIWGIFESGYEGEFGADA DHVKDINDLMQAAYEGYSMYTVDPSDHVKNI DKINQGELVEFYKSHPLRKEIEMIYSGKVFSFE KSKFTMEDKELFRIFVTYVDAIEHVVKCYEAI KNTKKNFDFEVSIDETSIPTSPLAHIFIVHELRR RGVDFQTLALRFVGQWQKAIDYIGDLSVLESE LSMHCEIVKSLSGYRLSLHSGSDKFSVYRIFTH YCDGKLHVKTAGTSYLEAIRTVAEASPSLYRN IHKYALTCFEKDNTSYHVTADINKIPDVDNVE DSKVVNLLDIPEVRQLIHITYGSVLTEKINGKY LFRDEIYRILHENEFLHYKRIRDHLGKHLELLK N 324 pA06245 MVTVLQTLLQRPRPLAEIDRTSLARFLTDVIRQ Rhodothermus QVYPTSLEPTSEGVFFLARDGREKRLGILSEAG marinus LHDFEGVRHQLSLDGRTLIFQSCPLTAANARA LRRHIPWTAPRPLGLRASVGCGDRLGLATPGH VRAVRKHKLAPVFAQQSIREMTRTGRTPQQV LDEAMWGVFQEGWRQGYGADADHLKTEED ADRCIEAGFTFFTIDPSAYVDNEVDTADAATLE AKVAALPWEALETTLADLRRAYLGQHFQVGP YELSFEERTLMQALAKYGGAIAHTARMYRHI AGRIVIGNRPFELEMSVDETEVPTSPAEHFFVAR ELQRLGVRWISLAPRFVGRLEKGVDYIGDLEE FEAHLKLHVAIARTLGPYKLSLHSGSDKFALY PLFARHAGELFHLKTAGTSYLEALRAVAELDP PLFREILDFARDRYETDRATYHVSALLERVPK ASDVPDDALPALLEQFDTRQVLHVTFGSVLTA TDADGRPRFRDRLLAVLQENEETYYRLLEAHF DRHLAPFDAE 325 pA06246 MDIYEKIAAALKDNRHNIQLDGVKIYPQSYVE Geosporobacter VDMVKMIMVKAAEKKVILAQGSGPLFQELEG subterraneus EAYDDYKVCNCSHLNRVVLNKYLPYTKPSAF GKEIATIGLGDRLGIASPGHIQAVKGREIRPILA QQSIRELNLTNRTYRNVLDAACFAVFQEGYKD GFGADGDHLKTEEDIQSALDLGFTMITLDCSE MIDNTIDKLTDTEVEEKYYQLPQSVRERYETR YLDKCFELRNSKICFSKENLMKNVLIYGAAAD FIVAIYEKQIKHRDQKIDFEVSIDETVTPTTPEA HYFVAREIYDRQVDINSMAPRFCGEFQKGIDYI GDIHQFEKEFQVHAEIADHFGYKISIHSGSDKF SVFQTIGRYTEGRFHVKTAGTNWLEAVRVVA EKNPNLYRKMHQYALEHFDEARAYYHVTTDI EGIVPLEKVNDHELSQYMNENNARQLLHITYG ILLQAKDASGQYLFREDFFYTLEQHEAEYDEA LRKHIGRHLEQLGK 326 pA06247 MEMQKLYEEVENKNIVKNDLVDLTIGESLKIK Melioribacter AYPLSVLKKDDAFFFIGKENYDKFLFVISAGKE roseus NGLLNEFEGELIDAGKDVTVKKCNLSTKNRK AVQKIFPHTAPIVLGLCNSFGCGDRLGVANAG HIRAIKQSNFRPILAQQSIRELTRTNRTPDDVM DAAVWAVLQEGYKDGFGSDADHLKTFEDIDL MLNAGFTMFTFDPSEHVDNEADNYSEDQLKQ KLGEIDWSGLQDTSADAAKRYVDMTFNISERL SLTIQESDFLRAYAKYGNAIAHIKKMYDYLAS KADKDTFEIEVSVDETESVTSPFEHFFFANELN RLGVKYVSLAPRFIGDFEKGIDYKGDLNVFKT EYEKHLDITKYFGSYKISLHSGSDKFSAYRVIG SLKGAYTHVKTAGTSYLEALRVVAAKEPALF RDILDFCRDLYETEKRSYHVSADINKVKPANQ YSDTELIELFNQNDTRQVLHVTFGKVLTEKDS SGHFLFKDKIMKCLVENEESHYEFLEKHFLKH LECFK 327 pA06248 MKQFLPAIELLAKGELPSNSNQIKVYEKSYTVE Lysinibacillus GNVHLLMVKNSGEKFILATGEGAIFDELTGTD sphaericus VDGKGKACPLTYENRLVLNKYFDYTVPQAFG TEIATIGLGDRLGLASPGHIETVREKNIKPVLA QQSIRELTLTNRSMNDMLDAAAFAVFQEGYK GGYGADGDHIKEESDIQYALSLGASMITLDCS DHIDNTIEKASPEVLDEKFNALSEVVKQRYME QYLGKTFEVNGLTLTLDETELKKNVLLYDKAI DYTTHVYNEYISKENRAIDFEISIDETETVTSPIS HFFVANELINRGVKVVSLAPRFCGEFQKGIDYI GDVEQFEVELREHALIAEHFGYKLSIHSGSDKF MVFPIIAEYTKGVFHVKTAGTNWLEAIRVIAA TNPDLYRRMHVFALENFEEALKYYHVTPDLN SFEKLENVEDAKLPEYMNNDAARQLFHVTYG LLLTAKGENDTFLFRDEFFKTLDKYEEEYRDA LVSHIGKHIELLGL 328 pA06249 MGNWKDFVKDFCTKEKNIEVLRAEAEKAFGN Clostridium YGVYPRSINEVGNAIVMMARGENEKCLVVVG stercorarium EDSRLQELKGNQTEENGLKVKVCPLSNENCY VIRKIFPYTNPQPHKGKNITIGLGDRLGLASPG HIRLIRDLDVFPVLAQQSIRELNLTGRTYEDVIS AAAWAVFQEGYTKGYGADGDHLKTAEEVKM SLNVGMTMITLDCSEHIDNSAAHAGLSELREK YSRFTEEERERWERKYLNRDVKIGNYSFHISEE DLIRMACVYGGAIRHTLDIYHNIIAKCGRPIDF EMSIDETLTPTSPASHYFVAQELIDGGVEITSLA PRFCGEFQKGIDYIGDLKQFTDEFAVHAAIAD HFGYKISVHSGSDKFKVFPVVGEKTNGRYHLK TAGTNWLEAVRVIARHKPDLYRRMHAFALEH LEDAKKYYHIGAKVENIPALETLADSELPELM NRDDSRQVMHITYGHILQAKDENGNPLFKDEL YKVLYEYEEEYANALKKHIGRHLEGLGLL 329 pA06250 MPSQLPEPLPVPPEARAHPSFRLHEGAALWLA Truepera GARLAVLAPPEHPALTRFRGEVQHVGDHRLL radiovictrix RAERRAENAAALRALLPDLQPRPLGLVTSAGF GDRLGVATPGHVRAAQRYGAGVAPVFAQQSI REMTRTGRTPQEVLDDATWGAFAAGWRGAL GADADHQKTVADLERCAAAGFTLFTVDPSDH VDDSAHGAPASDLEAKVAALPWRELETTRAD FERYAGRRLELGDRELVLAREAVLRAGAKYA RAVLHVATLYRHLEGKGAPFELEVSVDETATP TSHAEHAVVALELRRLGVRWVGLAPRFVGRF EKGVDYRGDLGELKADLAGHAALARSLGPYK LSLHSGSDKFSVYPLIAEATGGMVHLKTAGTS YLEALRVAAQVAPGLFREILTLGRERFAVDKQ SYHISAALARVSEADTLTDDELPRLLDDDDAR QVLHVTFGSALDRYRAPLLRVLEAHDEAYQA GLAAHFAKHLTPFAEVAP 330 pA06251 MLKLLNESLKPLSIFIYSESLRKINDDLYIFVAK Dictyoglomus IKDLKKIGIVKQNQILYFSSPYFSEDKKIEGTNF turgidum LVNLYPLNFENYQKLKEIIPISPKVCDKKISFGT GDRLGLITSAQLSALKEYDLFPILAQQSPRELIK TKRDFKDVLLKSAMGVLETGYTGKYGADAD HIKDEKYLMEAIDAGYTMYTLDISDFIEKIKDL SEKALKEKYEKVSSFSKKIIDKYAGKRVKISDE EYFELSYNELCKSAIVYEKALSFVEMVYEILKS KLSEFDIEVSIDEGERDTTPEDHFFVAQFLHDK GIDFKSLAPKFPGEFQKGIDYIGDIKEFERALKK HYALTKALEGYRLSLHSGSDKFSIYKIFYKITE GNFHIKTSGTSWLEAVKVIAKFFPDLFVELYQI ALENLEESKKAYKVNITKEEFPKEIKEDYMEFL HKDNVRQLFHISYGVLLDEKRKEIYDLLNQKE KEHYQYVSENIKKHLKNLFEEE 331 pA06252 MNDAVYALGRSSRNGTLQLIVRGNSTGFHGE Caldilinea QQGDALICPLDAENARTLQERLPWLRPQPLGN aerophila RLSFGFGDRIGLATPGHVDALRSADPTGRIAPI FAQQSVRENQRLNRTPQEVMTAAVWSLFAEN WRLPWGADADHVKEPEHLAPYVAAGYTFYTI DPSDHVDNAAHTDDLAVLRSKCEALPWDILE TTYLSLCENYCGRTIVAEKTTLHFDKETLLRAL AKYGRALAHTVRIAAALRTALGGTSFDLEMS VDETDTPTSAHEHFFIANELLRRNIPLVSLAPRF VGKFQKGVDYMGNLAEFEAELIRHVAVMRHF HCYKLSVHTGSDKFSIYPILARCAGENVHIKTA GTSYLEALRVAALRAPDLFRQMLETGRTCYE KDKKTYFLDCRPERVPPAATLDDADLPNLLDQ FDARQLLHVTFGSILTTHGAALRNLLATYPND YRSALRDHFARHIQPFVQA 332 pA06253 MMLSPEALAEGLRLYGLHLIVGSIRELPDGGAI Thermoflexus FAARQGSERRIGWIGETSPFPAPDPRMSMRVQ hugenholtzii EHLVWIHPWTWAHYRILRERLPALSPTRCDRP ASFGAGDRLGMATAAQIAALERYPVFPVLAQ QSPRELARTGRDFRSVLLDAAWGVFASGFAG PFGADADHLQDDEQLRAAAEAGYSLYTFDLR RALARGPRPWEALSPLARSVVAELADRRVEAP QGPRTLEESALRAAACRYEPALEEVVRGAEIL RDQGIDADLEVSVDETEEETTPEAHAFIAVYL QRRGVALWSLAPRFPGVFEKAVDYEGEVERF AQAAALHTAVARTFGGHRLSLHSGSEKFRILP VFREATGGRFHVKTSGTTWLQAVRVVARAVP ALFAELYAIARAHLEESRRDYPIALQPEALPPA LPDDPEAALADRAVRQLFHISYGVLLRERGPAI RALLEAHEAEHFTAVRENLERHLEALLK 333 pA06254 MIGNVLSTLEENGFKVYPDSLRKLGENIYIFVV Thermoanaero- KRQNEKMVGILSSSDVKLNGAYFSEDKNVSD bacterium KLRLNIYPFTFENYVTLNGKFHIGPTVCRGNSS thermo- FGTGDRLGLVTAAQLTALKKYDVFPILAQQSP saccharolyticum RELIKTNRDFKDVLLKVVLGVLETGYIGHFGA DADHIKDEYYLLEGINAGYTMYTLDLSEQLIDI SSLNPSEMRNKAQELSQVSKDIIKDFSGKKLDII SDSGYVVSEEELYKSAVAYENAMKFVDKVNN ILKEKLSDFDMEISIDEGGKVTTLEDHLYVAEY LHRNGIDFFSIAPKFPGEFEKAVDYIGDLDEFLL ELKKHYQLSRMIGGYKISLHSGSDKFSIYRIFS DITEKNFHIKTSGTSWLQAINLIYNYDKEFYRE LYKIALENLEESKKSYKVLIKREDFCKEPELNN PKFILKPEIKQLFHISFGVLLNLKRKEIVDFLNK YEEEHYKMVSKNIDNHLKEIFYKN 334 pA06255 MFTILPKKGISLGLGDRIGIATPGHIKVAKKYN Petrotoga mobilis FFPVFAQQSIRELNFTGRTFTDVRKDVLNALVE ENYVGNSGFDGDHLKSDEEIQYALDSGITMLT LDCSEHMNKDSSIKDQIFEQFYNKSFFVNDMPI EYSDKNELNKIVSIYASVIERVIDVWNKFPKVN KKEVTFEVSVDETDVPTDEKTHFLISKYIYDEG VKIDTLAPRFPGEFQKAIDYIGNIQEFKKSLIKQ DKIAKYFGYRLSIHSGSDKFSIYPIIGEVTQGNY HLKTSGTSYLEAIKVVAQKDPEFFKKIWQTCL DKREEMDKYYHLSCDPFSVPKDLSPTEYLQNP DARQTLHVSYMFVLNPQYDFREKFFEILTKYQ NEYHENVANHIEKHVKELKIEEKS 335 pA06256 MATPGSLSFPRYSIGTGDRFGHEAEAQLRAVIE Spirochaeta AGRLGRALGIVWNKSYREHTIIGSRPEDVRRM thermophila ADRAVSSLGWEGPYFVDADHITTKTVDLFLDS ADFFTIDVAEAIGKGEVSPQEEEDLLASLGDLL NRELAIPGLSSPLAISEETARGTIRAYWPAVRE AARIYRRIEQGASRPFVVEVSMDETDEPQRPPE LLLILAMIRKAGIPARTIAPKFSGAFYKGVDYV GDPHTFAREFEDDLCVVRYAREQFALPEGLKL SVHSGSDKFSLYPLVREILSRHPQEGVHLKTAG TTWLEEVAGLAEAGGEALALAKEIALTCYSMI EELCAPYAAVIDIDPERLPSPGEIEEWSSGRFVE ALEHDPSNPSYNRDFRQLIHVGYKVAAQMGE RFHQALEAHREVIAARVTRNLLERHIIPLFPGDI P 336 pA06257 MLHVYLGKIPRPGFGIRIPEVVAPPLLSAFKSL Thermofilum GMTGSLMLSFNRETAPAEYIESSDPRLFYFGHT pendens GTSIGGFIRSVKEYSKALSVPVEVEADHVSILG SVERALKKIAGVPVEEPLSEEEVSWSIGYVERE LREAAEAGGVDFVTIDTCELIDYSYDKVGAEE VAAAYEEVFDGDERRALEERYEGVHYFLGGD RVVAVRLSREDVARLAVKYRRSLDYAERIYR AAREAMGVELGFEVAFDETPGVSEAREVFFYL SELLRRGLRVDFIAPNVGFRKREDYSGDLHAL YERLRNLHAVVSSMNAYLSIHSGSGSHPYSDK GFGVWGVVGRATGGAVKYKMSGVLVQLLLE VMASYPPGSETRRLYEEIYSEVVEHLRWVVKA KASLYSPELETLLKRYEAAQDRFDPRADVFRH YFYVFQALRDEGGARRLRERLVEHYRENPGL RERYEKELRGLVERLASQLGYAGNAYRYRVV YA 337 pA06258 MVTVLQTLLQRPRPLAEIDRAALARFLTDLIRQ Rhodothermus QVYPASLEPTSEGVFFLARDGREKRLGILSEAG marinus LHDFEGARHQLSLDGRTLIFQSCPLTAANARA LRQHLAWTAPRPLGLRASVGCGDRLGLATPG HVRAVRKHKLAPVFAQQSIREMTRTGRTPQQ VLDEAMWGVFQEGWRQGYGADADHLKTEE DADRCIEAGFTFFTIDPSAYVDNEVDTADAAT LEAKVAALPWDALETTLADLRRAYLGQHFQV GPYELSFEERTLLQALAKYGGAIAHTARVYRH IAGRIVIGNRPFELEMSVDETEVPTSPAEHFFVA RELQRLGVRWISLAPRFVGRLEKGVDYIGDLE EFEAHLKLHVAIARTLGPYKLSLHSGSDKFAL YPLFARHAGELFHLKTAGTSYLEALRAVAELD PPLFREILDFARDRYETDRATYHVSALLERVPK ASDVPDDALPALLEQFDTRQVLHVTFGSVLTA TDADGRPRFRDRLLAVLQENEETYYRLLEAHF DRHLAPFDAK 338 pA06261 MLNLLEELLKPFSIFVYPQSLRKINEELYIFVAK Dictyoglomus INNTKNIGIIKQNQSIYFSNPYFSEDKKIEKTGFS thermophilum VNIYPLNFENYQKLKEIIPINPKTCNKKISFGTG DRLGLVTSAQLSVLKDYNLFPILAQQSPRELIK TKRDFKDVLLKSVIGVLEIGYTDSYGADADHI KDEKYLMEAIDAGYTMYTLDISDFIERIENLTS KEIREKYEKISSFSKKIIEKYAGKKIKISNEEYFE LSYDELCKSAIVYEKALSFVEMVYEILRSKLLE FDIEVSIDEGERDTTPEDHFFVVQFLHEKGIDF KSLAPKFPGEFQKGIDYIGDIKKFENELKKQYA LTKALEGYRLSLHSGSDKFSIYKSFYKITEGNF HIKTSGTSWLEAVKTIARYSPDLFLELYHIALE NLEESKKAYKVSITKEEFPKEIKEDYIEFLKKP NVRQLFHISYGVLLDEKREEIYEILNKNEKEHY QYVSENIRKHLKNLFEEE 339 pA06262 MKEELSDYLLKNSFLLYPDSFRRLREDVYIFV Thermoanaero- AKKDSDKKIGLLTNGNFKLSSPHFAEDKYVEE bacter  LGFYINLYPLTYENYLILKDNFGISPVTCKEKA siderophilus SFGTGDRLGLATPAHIKALKNYNVFPVLAQQS PRELVKTHRDFKDVFLKVILGVLEAGYAGGY GADADHIKDEKYLIEAIDAGYTMYTLDLSDLL VKISDMPKSQLKEKAQSLSSQSREIIDRFKGKK FSISTDEDFAVSEDELYKSALTYEKAMKFVEK VYGILKDRLQHFDLEISIDEGEKDTTVEDHIFV AEYLHRKGIDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAIDYKGDI KKFTSGLKKHYFLSKKLGGYKLSLHSGSDKFS IYKIFNEITEGNFHIKTSGTSWLQAINIIFERDKD LFNDLYKIALDNLEESKKAYKVLIDRDDFPQTI QTEDSQILLKPEIKQLFHISYGVLLDERRKEIYE VLNKYEEEHYEFVSKNIENHLKEIFNI 340 pA06263 MVEKSILEKLTDFLLNHSFVLYPNSLRKLKEDT Thermoanaero- YIFVAKKDADKKIGILTKENFKLTSPYFVEDKN bacter  VKEIDFYLNLYPLSFENYLILKNFGISPTPCRQK mathranii SSFGTGDRLGLVTPAHIVALKEYPVFPVLAQQ SPRELEKTHRDFKDALLKVILGVLEAGYTGEF GADADHIKDEKYLLRAIEAGYTMYTLDVSELL TKILDISSNQVMQISPQSKEIIEAFKGKKISISEE EYTIREDELYKSALIYEKAMNFVEKVYSILKEK VKDFDLEISIDEGEKDTTVEDHIFVAEYLHKKG IDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAIDYKGDINKFAVELK KHYAISQQLGGYKLSLHSGSDKFSIYEIFSEVT QHSFHIKTSGTSWLQAVNLIFEKNKKLFYELY KIALNNLEESKKAYKVLIDKDDFAEEPNLENV QILSQPEIKQLFHISYGVLLDEKKEEIYDVLDK YEEEHYQFVSANIKNHLGKIFNN 341 pA06264 MVEKGILEKLTDFLLNHSFVLYPNSLRKLKED Thermoanaero- TYIFVAKKDADKKIGILTKENFKLSSPYFVEDK bacter  NVKEIDFYLNLYPLSFENYLILKNFGISPTPCRQ italicus KSSFGTGDRLGLVTPAHIVALKEYPVFPVLVQ QSPRELEKTRRDFKDALLKVILGVLEAGYTGE FGADADHIKDEKYLLRAIEAGYTMYTLDVSEL LTKISDISSNQVMQISPQSKEIIEAFKGKKISISE EEYTIREDELYKSALIYEKAMNFVEKVYSILKE KVKDFDLEISIDEGEKDTTVEDHIFVAEYLHKK GIDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAIDYKGDINKFAVEL KKHYAISQQFGGYKLSLHSGSDKFSIYEIFSEV TQHSFHIKTSGTSWLQAVNLIFEKDKKLFYEL YKIALNNLEESKKAYKVLIDKDDFAEEPNLEN AQILSQPEIKQLFHISYGVLLDEKKEEIYDVLD KYEEEHYQFVSANIKNHLEKIFNK 342 pA06265 MIGNVLSTLEENGFKVYPDSLRKLGENIYIFVV Thermoanaero- KRQNEKMVGILSSSDVKLNGAYFSEDKNVSD bacterium KLRLNIYPFTFENYVTLNGKFHIGPTVCRGNSS thermo- FGTGDRLGLVTAAQLTALKKYDVFPILAQQSP saccharolyticum RELIKTNRDFKDVLLKVVLGVLETGYIGHFGA DADHIKDEYYLLEGINAGYTMYTLDLSEQLIDI SSLNPSEMRNKAQELSQVSKDIIKDFSGKKLDII SDSGYVVSEEELYKSAVAYENSMKFVDKVNN ILKEKLSDFDMEISIDEGGKVTTLEDHLYVAEY LHRSGIDFFSIAPKFPGEFEKAVDYIGDLDEFSL ELKKHYQLSRMIGGYKISLHSGSDKFSIYRIFS DITEKNFHIKTSGTSWLQAINLIYNYDKEFYRE LYKIALENLEESKKSYKVLIKREDFCKEPELNN PNFILKPEIKQLFHISFGVLLDLKRKEMVDFLN KYEEEHYKMVSKNIDNHLKEIFYKN 343 pA06266 MIGNVLSTLEENGFKVYPDSLRKLGENIYIFVV Thermoanaero- KRQNEKMVGILSSSDVKLNGAYFSEDKNVSD bacterium KLRLNIYPFTFENYVTLNGKFHIGPTVCRGNSS thermo- FGTGDRLGLVTAAQLTALKKYDVFPILAQQSP saccharolyticum RELIKTNRDFKDVLLKVVLGVLETGYIGHFGA DADHIKDEYYLLEGINAGYTMYTLDLSEQLIDI SSLNASEMRNKAQELSQVSKDIIKDFSGKKLDI ISDSGYVVSEEELYKSAVAYENAMKFVDKVN NILKEKLSDFDMEISIDEGGKVTTLEDHLYVAE YLHRNGIDFFSIAPKFPGEFEKAVDYIGDLDEF LLELKKHYQLSRMIGGYKISLHSGSDKFSIYRIF SDITEKNFHIKTSGTSWLQAINLIYNYDKEFYR ELYKIALENLEESKKSYKVLIKREDFCKEPELN NPKFILKPEIKQLFHISFGVLLNLKRKEIVDFLN KYEEEHYKMVSKNIDNHLKEIFYKN 344 pA06267 MIGNVLSTLEENGFKVYPDSLMKLGENIYIFV Thermoanaero- VKRQNEKMVGILSSSDVKLNGAYFSEDKNVS bacterium DKLRLNIYPFTFENYVTLNGKFHIGPTVCRGNS thermo- SFGTGDRLGLVTAAQLTALKKYDVFPILAQQS saccharolyticum PRELIKTNRDFKDVLLKVVLGVLETGYIGHFG ADADHIKDEYYLLEGINAGYTMYTLDLSEQLI DISSLNPSEMRNKAQELSQVSKDIIKDFSGKKL DIISDSGYVVSEEELYKSAVAYENAMKFVDKV NNILKEKLSDFDMEISIDEGGKVTTLEDHLYVA EYLHRNGIDFFSIAPKFPGEFEKAVDYIGDLDE FLLELKKHYQLSRMIGGYKISLHSGSDKFSIYRI FSDITEKNFHIKTSGTSWLQAINLIYDYDKEFY RELYKIALENLEESKKSYKVLIKKEDFGKEPEL NNPKFILKPEIKQLFHISFGVLLDLKRKEIVDFL NKYEEEHYKMVSKNIDNHLKEIFYKN 345 pA06268 MIGNVLSTLEENGFKVYPDSLRKLGENIYIFVV Thermoanaero- KRQNEKMVGILSSSDVKLNGAYFSEDKNVSD bacterium KLRLNIYPFTFENYVTLNGKFHIGPTVCRGNSS thermo- FGTGDRLGLVTAAQLTALKKYDVFPILAQQSP saccharolyticum RELIKTNRDFKDVLLKVVLGVLETGYIGHFGA DADHIKDEYNLLEGINAGYTMYTLDLSEQLIDI SSLNASEMRNKAQELSQVSKDIIKDFSGKKLDI ISDSGYVVSEEELYKSAVAYENAMKFVDKVN NILKEKLSDFDMEISIDEGGKVTTLEDHLYVAE YLHRNGIDFFSIAPKFPGEFEKAVDYIGDLDEF LLELKKHYQLSRMIGGYKISLHSGSDKFSIYRIF SDITEKNFHIKTSGTSWLQAVNLIYKFDKEFYR KLYKIALSNLEESKKSYKVLIKKDDFKDEPELD NPEFTLRPEIKQLFHISFGVLLDLKGKEIKDML NDYEEEHYKMVSDNIENHLKEIYYEK 346 pA06269 MVGNVSSVLKESGFQIYPDSLRKLGENTYIFV Thermoanaero- VKKQKEKMIGILSNDELKLKEPYFSENKKISDN bacterium LQFNVYSFTFDNYVTLNGRFHIGPTICRENASF xylanolyticum GTGDRLGLATAAQLDALKKFNVFPILAQQSPR ELVKTNRDFKDVLLKVVLGVLETGYIGHYGA DADHIKDEKYLLEGIDAGYTMYTLDLSEQLFD VSGATSLEIKEKAKTLSDVSRKIVEDFSGKSLN VGFGGHLVSEDELLKSAVAYEAAMKFVEKVN DILKEKLNDFDLEISIDEGGKVTTLEDHLFVAE YLHRNGIDFFSIAPKFPGEFEKAIDYVGDVNEF ERELKKHYDLTKLIGGYKLSLHSGSDKFSIYKI FSQTTEKNFHIKTSGTSWLQAVNLIYKSDKEFY RELYKIALSNLEESKKSYKVLIKKDDFKDEPEL DNSEFIIRPEIKQLFHISFGVLLDLKGKEIKDML YDYEEEHYKMVSDNIENHLKEIFYEK 347 pA06270 MLTILPNKGISLGLGDRIGIATHGHIKVAKKYN Petrotoga mobilis FFPVFAQQSIRELNFTGRTFSDVRKDVLNALIE ENYVGNSGFDGDHLKSDEEIQYALDSGITMLT LDCSEHMNNKDSSIKERIFDQFYNKSFFVNDM PIEYSNKNELNKIVSIYAGVIERVIDVWNKFPK VNKKEVTFEVSVDETDVPTDEKTHFLISKYIYD EGVKIDTLAPRFPGEFQKAIDYIGNLQEFKKSLI KQDKIAKYFGYRLSIHSGSDKFSIYPIIGEVTQG NYHLKTSGTSYLEAIKIVAQKDPEFFKKIWKTC LDKREEMDKYYHLSCDPFSVPKNLSPTEYLQN PDARQTLHVSYMFVLNPQYDFREKFFEILTKY QNEYHQNVANHIEKHVKELKVEEKS 348 pA06271 MVGNVSAVLKENGFKIYPDSLRKLGESTYIFV Thermoanaero- VKKQKEKMIGILSNDELNLKEPYFSENKKISDN bacterium LQFNVYPFTFDNYVTLNGRFHIGPTVCRENAS saccharolyticum FGTGDRLGMATAAQLGALKKFDVFPVLAQQS PRELVKTNRDFKDVLLKVVLGVLETGYIGHY GADADHIKDEKYLLEGIDAGYTMYTLDLSEQL FDISGATPSAIKEKAEALSDVSKKIVEDFSGQSL NVGLEGHLVSEDELLKSAIAYEGAMKFVEKV NDILKEKLNDFDLEISIDEGGKVTTLEDHLFVA EYLHRNGIDFFSIAPKFPGEFEKAIDYVGDVDE FKKALKKHYDLTKLIGGYKLSLHSGSDKFSTY KIFSQTTERNFHIKTSGTSWLQAVNLIYKSDRE FYRELYKIALSNLEESKKSYKVLIKKDDFKDEP ELDNPEFIVRPEIKQLFHISFGVLLDLKGKEIKD MLYEHEEEHYKMVSNNIENHLKEIYYEK 349 pA06272 MFTILPKRGISLGLGDRIGIATTGHIKVAKKYN Petrotoga mobilis FFPVFAQQSIRELNFTGRTFIDVRKDALNALVE ENYVGNSGFDGDHLKSDEEIQYALDSGITMLT LDCSEHMNKDSSIKDQIFEQFYNKSFFVNDMPI EYSDKNELNKIVSIYASVIERVIDVWNKFPKVN KKEVTFEVSVDETDVPTDEKTHFLISKYIYDEG VKIDTLAPRFPGEFQKGIDYIGNIQEFKKSLIKQ DKIAKYFGYRLSIHSGSDKFSIYPIIGEVTQGNY HLKTSGTSYLEAIKVVAQKDPEFFKKIWQTCL DKREEMDKYYHLSCDPFSVPKDLSPTEYLKNP DARQTLHVSYMFVLNPQYDFREKFIEILTKYQ NEYHQNAANHIEKHVKELKVEEKIHKQKN 350 pA06273 MTTPGSLSLPRYSIGTGDRFGHEAEAQLRAVIE Spirochaeta AERLGMALGIVWNKSYREHTIIGSRPEDVRRM thermoila ADKAVSALEWEGPYFVDADHITTKTVELFLDS SDFFTIDVAEAIGQEEISPQEEEDLLSSLDDLLN RELAIPGLSNPLTISEETARETIRAYWPAVREA ARIHQRIEKGTSRPFVVEVSMDETADPQRPPEL LLILAMIRKAGIPARTIAPKFSGSFYKGVDYVG DPEVFAREFEDDLCVVRYAREAFRLPEGLKLS VHSGSDKFSLYPLIKDILSRHPQEGVHLKTAGT TWLEEVTGLAESGGEALALAKEIALTCYSMIE ELCAPYAAVIDINPDRLPSPGEIEDWSSGRFVE ALEHDPSNPSYNRDFRQLIHVGYKVAAQMGE RFHEALEAHREVIAARVTRNLLERHIIPLFPGG AA 351 pA06274 MRAKELFGEDVSIEIALDESPSETQLKELFFYIN Ignisphaera ELLYKGLRFEFIAPNIGFRKREDYRGDLQELYN aggregans RVRKLHTIASNNGVYLSIHSGSGAHPYSDKGV GVWSTIGRATDGLVKYKMSGVLIQLLLEVMS RFPKGSTVRRVYEEIYDAVLDHLKKDISRGRG LASETLRKMIEDYEEHSNKYDVRADVFRHYFF VFQCIRDDSGVRYLRNRVIELFNEVKELRDRY REEVANLITREAEALGYINSVIRYRKYEYS 352 pA04536 MVLKVFKDHFGRGYEVYEKSYREKDSLSFFLT Thermotoga KEEEGKILVVAGEKAPEGLSFFKKQRAEGVSF maritima FFCERNHENLEVLRKYFPDLKPVRAGLRASFG TGDRLGITTPAHVRALKDSGLFPIFAQQSVREN ERTGRTWRDVLDDATWGVFQEGYSEGFGAD ADHVKRPEDLVSAAREGFTMFTIDPSDHVRNL SKLTEKERNEKFEEILRKERIDRIYLGKKYSVL GEKIEFDEKNLRDAALVYYDAIAHVDMMYQI LKDETPDFDFEVSVDETETPTSPLFHIFVVEELR RRGVEFTNLALRFIGEWEKGIDYKGDLAQFER EIKMHAEIARMFEGYKISLHSGSDKFSVYPAFA SATGGLFHVKTAGTSYLEAVKVISMVNPELFR EIYRCTLDHFEEDRKSYHISADLSKVPEVEKVK DEDLPGLFEDINVRQLIHVTYGSVLKDASLKE RLFKTLEQNEELFYETVAKHIKRHVDLLEG 353 pA04539 MINKVAEYLSGEGFYFYEKSFRKLSEDIYIFVV Caldanaerobacter KKANEKSIGLLTQGDFTLSSPHFTERKYLKETG subterraneus YYLNLYPLTYENFVILKDKFNIAPAPCDKKASF GMGDRLGLVTAAHIRAVENYDVFPVLAQQSP RELMKTHRSFKEAILKAILGVLEEGYTGKFGA DADHIKDENYLMEAIDAGYTMYTLDLSDMLV KLSDYTESQLKEKAEKLNITSKRIIERFKGKKF VMPTKEAFTVSEEELYKSALTYEKAMDFVEK VYGILKDKVKNFDLEISIDEGDKDTTVEDHIFV AEYLHEKGIDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAIDYIGDV DKFAVELKKHQFLSREFGGYKLSLHSGSDKFS IYKVFSEITEGEFHIKTSGTSWFQAVNLIFEKDK ELFKELYQIALYNLEESKKAYKVLIDKKDFPE NINLEDSQIVSKPEIKQLFHISYGVLLEERKKQI FEVLNKYEEEHYEFVRKNIENHFKEIFSK 354 pA07082 MKENKVMNSFSAIYGNRYKVYEKSLKRKEKE Mesotoga infera FFFVIKDFQRKYLVAAGPSYRIRKRDFQPDEEG VADNEGEFLFQICRLTHEINLTQLQSIFNYLQPS TTKMKPSFGTGDRLGIATPAHIQAFEDKNIFPIL AQQSVREMERTESNWQKVLDNAIWGCFEAG YEGKFGADADHVKDLKNLKEAIDCGFTFYTID PSDHIDANILKLDKDELRNKYQQLPEKDALEN SYLNKEYQIGSQKLTFTQDILIEIVLTYLEAIKH VEKCYKFLKDSHKGDFELEVSVDETPTPTSPL AHLWIASELQRRGVDFQNLAPHFIGDWEKGID YIGNIDTFKEEFKLHCQIASQMGGYKLSLHSGS DKFSVYPIFAEETNGYFHVKTAGTSWLEAVKA IVVCDPALYREMYEFALKCFEKDSFSYLLSTD LQKIPNIKELQDKELIQLFSNNNARQLIHITYGS ILREKDSQNRYKFRDRIYKVLFENEDIHYENVS KHIRHEILGLLSV 355 pA07083 MQSREELKRAILSEFGDYNIYSESIYRAGGCVL Thermosimus FLAKDMGQKLLVVVEEETGSAFDRFVGPQVY carboxydivorans HPSGKRVKEAPLQPVNAGIVRELLPFTAPVAL GATGLSLGLGDRLGVASPGHLRLIKKTGVRPV LAQQSVRELTLTNRTYSDVLDAATWAVLQEG YEGGFGADGDHLKTAEEIKGALDLGFTMITLD ASAHIDNTVGQKAAKQVAELYHTLPADYTAD MEEHYLGKAFIVGGMAITFDTETLQRLVLTYG KALAFMGYIYHTLIVNAGREVDFEISIDETATP TTPAAHYFVASELGRMGVKFTSLAPRFCGEFQ KGIDYIGDLYQFEDEFKRHAAIADHFGYRLSIH SGSDKFSVFPIIGQYTRGRVHIKTAGTNWLEAL RVVARINPALFREIYAFAGEVFGEAKKYYHVT TDLTRLPDVAAMADDGLPTVLDHNDARQML HITYGLVLTAANADGSYRFKDALYELLFDHED EYYAALERHIGRHLEKLTENLKG 356 pA07084 MSWKDFAEELVGTSKEAVMKVAEYAEDYRIY Halanaerobium PRSIIKKDKSFYFLAKIDQKKKLVILNKSKNFEL congolense FQGRIEELAGFKAKIGPLSHYNAEILREVFPFTA PSALGNKKPSIGLGDRLGIATPGHIEAVKESAA MPVFAQQSVRELNLTGRTFKSVLDDVSWAVF QEGYQAGFAADADHLKEKPDIKEALDLGYTM LTLDCTDYINDDLDQMSESEIENAYAEVPDYL REGLENQYLNKTFVLNSGYQLEYNQDNFKEIV LIYYKMLDFAKEIQHLIKTSARNVDFEISIDETS TPTTPEAHFFVANELKRNNIEVNSLAPRFVGEF QKGIDYIGDLEQFEKEFKVHADIADRFGYKLSI HSGSDKFSVFPIIGRHTQGRVHVKTAGTNWLE AIRVVAENNPSLYRDIHAYALKKFEAAKEYYH VTTDLDKVPELARMSDQELGELLEINEVRQLL HITYGFILQDKKDGRYIFRDKLYKFWDEYDKE YRRALERHIGRHLNKLGFYKN 357 pA07085 MSWKDFAEELVGTSKEAVMKVAEYAEDYRIY Halanaerobium PRSIIKKDKSFYFLAKIDQKKKLVILNKSKNFEL congolense FQGRIEELAGFKAKIGPLSHYNAEILRKVFPFT APSALGNKKPSIGLGDRLGIATPGHIEAVKESA AMPVFAQQSVRELNLTGRTFKSVLDDVSWAV FQEGYQAGFAADADHLKEKPDIKEALDLGYT MLTLDCTDYINDDLDQMSESEVENAYAEVPD YLREGLENQYLNKTFVLNSGYQLEYNQDNFK EIVLIYYKMLDFAKEIQHLIKTSARNVDFEISID ETSTPTTPEAHFFVANELKRNNIEVNSLAPRFV GEFQKGIDYIGDLEQFEKEFKVHADIADRFGY KLSIHSGSDKFSVFPIIGRHTQGRVHVKTAGTN WLEAIRVVAENNPSLYRDIHAYALKKFEAAKE YYHVTTDLDKVPELARMSDQELGELLEINEVR QLLHITYGFILQDKKDGRYIFRDKLYKFWDEY DKEYRRALERHIGRHLNKLGFYKN 358 pA07086 MSWKDFAEELVGTSKDAVKKVAEYAEDYRIY Halanaerobium PRSIIKKEKSFYFLAKIDQKKKLVILNKSKNFDI saccharolyticum FQGKTEKLAGFKAKIAPLSHYNAEIIREVFPFT APSKIGNQTASIGLGDRLGIATPGHIEAVKKSN AMPVFAQQSVKELKLTGRSFKSVLDDVSWAV FQEGYQNGFGADADRLKEKPEIKEALDLGYT MLTLDCTDYINDNFDQTAESDIESAYAEVPDY LRDGLESKYLNKTFVLNSGYQLEYNKVNFKKI VLSYYQILDFVKEIQHLIKRSARDVDLEISIADS LNSTSPEAHFFVANEFKRNNIEVNSLALNFVGE FQKGIDYIGDLEKFEKDFEIHADIADRFGYKLSI HSGSDKFSIFPIIGRQTEGRAHIKTAGTNWLEAI RVVAENDPSLYREIHSYALKKFEEAKEFYQVN TDLSKVPELAVMSDQELGELLEIDAVRQLLHIT YGFILQDKKDGRYIFRDRLYKLLDEYDKDYRS GLERHIGRHLNKLGFYKN 359 pA07087 MVKHFESVLEELSQRKVPTSTEEVTVYTPSFEE Gracihbacillus HAGSQVVMVKSGTEKMIVAAGAGELFEALSG halophilus EDIGKGKVCPLTHENRLVLNQFFSYTAPQAFG TDIATMGLGDRLGIASPGHIDTVKERNVKPILA QQSIRELTLLNRTMTDILDAAAFAVFQEGYKD GYGADADHIKLESDIEHALQLGFSFLTLDCSEQ IRNDVESQTSDEIQNEFASLSDEKRAYFSNYYL DQTFNVHERQISFDQANLAKNVLVYGEAIDFM EHVYHTYLQSLDRDVDFEISIDETETVTSPEAH FFVAEELRRRGVKVESLAPRFCGEFQKGIDYIG DMDQFEKELKEHADIAKHFGYKLSIHSGSDKF SVFPIIGKYTDGLLHIKTAGTNWLEAVRVVAQ ENPDLYRRMHVYAEEHFEETLKYYHVTPDLD SVTPLKEQPDDQLPEYMNHDAARQLFHVTYGI LLTAKDDAGNDLFRDEFFDTLLNKEDAYRQA LAHHIGREILDLLGLSKKVGIE 360 pA07088 MINKVAEYLSREGFHFYEKSFRKFSEDIYIFVV Caldanaerobacter KKANEKSIGLLTQRDFTLSSPYFTERKYLKEIG subterraneus YYLNLYPLTYENFVILKDKFSIAPSPCNKKVSF GMGDRLGLVTAAHIRAVQNYDVFPVLAQQSP RELMKTHRSFREAILKAILGVLEEGYTGKFGA DADHIKDENYLMEAIDAGYTMYTLDLSDMLV KLSDYTESQLKEKAEKLNITSKRIIEKFKGKKF VMPTEEAFTVSEEELYKSALTYEKAMDFVEK VYGILKDKVKNFDLEISIDEGDKDTTVEDHIFV AEYLHEKGIDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAIDYIGDV DKFAVELKKHQFLSREFGGYKLSLHSGSDKFS IYKVFSEITEREFHIKTSGTSWLQAVNLIFEKDK KLFKELYQIALYNLEESKKAYKVLIDKKDFPE NINLEDSQIVSKPEIKQLFHISYGVLLEERKKQI FEVLNKYEEEHYEFVRKNIENHFKEIFSK 361 pA07089 MLPYLVARPLGLRKSAGCGDRLGLATPGHIRA Litorilinea LRATFGRDEDAAMAPIFAQQSIRENARTGRTP aerophila QEVMDDAMWGVFQEGWRAGFGADADHLKT LADVDICAAAGYTFYTVDPGDHVDDEANTAA FPALEARVDALPWDVLDSSPADLAARLADRPI DLGTLKVTLDRETLWRAAAKYGRAVAHTVT MYRHLAGAMGERPFELEMSVDETATVTSLAE HVYIAAELQRLGVRCVSLAPRYVGTFEKGVD YIGDLDAFEQSIAQHMAVSRTFGPYKLSLHSG SDKFSIYPIASRVAGDLVHLKTAGTSYLEALRA IAAMAPDLFRQIVAFARERYPTDRASYHVSAE LEKMPDIAGWPDDRLPELLNDFHAREILHVTF GSVLNHPPFREPFFTALRTHEETYSEMLERHFC RHFAPFAG 362 pA07090 MINKVAEYLSREGFYFYEKSFRKFSEDIYIFVV Caldanaerobacter KKANEKSIGLLTQGDFTLSSPYFTERKYLKEIG subterraneus YYLNLYPLTYENFVILKDKFSIAPSPCNKKVSF GMGDRLGLVTAAHIRAVENYDVFPVLAQQSP RELMKTHRSFKEAILKAILGVLEEGYTGKFGA DADHIKDENYLMEAIDAGYTMYTLDLSDMLV KLSDYTESQLKEKAEKLNITSKRIIERFKGKKF VMPTKEAFTVSEEELYKSALTYEKAMDFVEK VYGILKDKVKNFDLEISIDEGDKDTTVEDHIFV AEYLHEKGIDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAIDYIGDV DKFAVELKKHQFLSREFGGYKLSLHSGSDKFS IYKVFSEITEGEFHIKTSGTSWLQAVNLIFEKDK ELFKELYQIALYNLEESKKAYKVLIDKKDFPE NINLEDSQIVSKPEIKQLFHISYGVLLEERKKQI FEVLNKYEEEHYEFVRKNIENHFKEIFSK 363 pA07091 MFERKIEMINKVAEYLSREGFYFYEKSFRKFSE Caldanaerobacter DIYIFVVKKANEKSIGLLTQGDFTLSSPYFTER subterraneus KYLKEIGYYLNLYPLTYENFVILKDKFSIAPSP CNKKVSFGMGDRLGLVTAAHIRAVENYDVFP VLAQQSPRELMKTHRSFKEAILKAILGVLEEG YTGKFGADADHIKDENYLMEAIDAGYTMYTL DLSDMLVKLSDYTESQLKEKAEKLNITSKRIIE KFKGKKFVMPTEEAFTVSEEELYKSALTYEKA MDFVEKVYGILKDKVKNFDLEISIDEGDKDTT VEDHIFVAEYLHEKGIDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAI DYIGDVDKFAVELKKHQFLSREFGGYKLSLHS GSDKFSIYKVFSEITEGEFHIKTSGTSWLQAVN LIFEKDKKLFKELYQIALYNLEESKKAYKVLID KKDFPENINLEDSQIVSKPEIKQLFHISYGVLLE ERKKQIFEVLNKYEEEHYEFVRKNVENHFKEI FSK 364 pA07092 MGMMDKDVLNQLSSLLSRHSFVLYPNSVRNL Caldicoprobacter AEDIYVFVAKGNADKKVGILSKGKALGFKAPF faecalis FAEDIKVEATGFSFNLYPLSFENYLILRDEFGIA LVPCKNKASFGTGDRLGLATPAHLDAFKSYN MFPVLAQQSPRELEKTHRDFRDVLLKAVLGV LEAGYTGEFGADADHIKDERYLLEAADAGYT MYTLDVSEMLVKGDVSPDKADHLSQHSRDIIK DFSGKRISFEGGEYTVKEEELYRSAVIYEKAM NFVERVHGLLKERLKDFDLEVSIDEGDRDTTV EDHIFVAEYLHRRGIDFWSLAPKFPGEFEKAV DYRGDIDKFTVELNKHCAVARMLGGYRLSLH SGSDKFSVYRIFNDATQHNFHIKTSGTSWLQA LNVIHEKDRQLFKELYNIALDNLEESKKAYKIS IYRQDFEEGLDLDNLHVLQNPKVKQLLHISYG VLLDEKRQEIYEVLNQHEAEHYRYVSDNIKKH LELLK 365 pA07093 MKEELSNYLLKNSFLLYPDSFRRLKEDVYIFV Thermoanaero- AKKDSDKKIGFLTNGNFKLSSPHFLEDKYVEE bacter  LGFYLNLYPLTYENYLILKDNFGISPVTCKEKT uzonensis SFGTGDRLGLVTPAHIKVLKNYDIFPVLAQQSP RELVKTNRDFKDVLLKAILGVLEAGYAGGG ADADHIKDEKYLMEAIDAGYTMYTLDLSDLL VKISDMPESQLKEKAQSLSSQSREIIDRYKGKK FSISTDEDFVVSEDELYKSALTYEKAMKFVEK VYGILKDRLQHFDLEISIDEGEKDTTVEDHIFV VEYLHRKGIDFWSLAPKFPGEFQKAIDYKGDI KKFTSELKKHYFLTKELGGYKLSLHSGSDKFSI YKIFNEITEGNFHIKTSGTSWLQAISLIFEKDKD LFNDLYKIALDNLEESKKAYKVLIDRDDFPQTI QTEDSQILSKPEIKQLFHISYGVLLDERRKEIYE VLNKYEEEHYEFVSKNIKNHLKEIFNI 366 pA07094 MDLNGLLKDVEEILAKVDAGEKVESLSDAGV Lactobacillus YVPSVQVDRRNVYFIYHTKDEKDHTVKTLVV ingluviei YEENPTIGDFDALETLKGENSTLITAALTDHNN QALAKRFPWIKPTSRRNYKYTFGLGDRLGNAS NAHLRLFKGTGIMPVLAQQSIRELTLMHRTNT DVLLSASWAVFEEGFTFGWGADGDHVKTEYE VDYAVKVGCSMITLDCTDVINNDAVTMSDEE LDKTFNALDDDQKKYFNDTYLDKTFDLGNGN SVHFTKHDVEESVLTFYGAILFAADIYKKFVVP YNLDFEISMDETPYQTTNPNHFFFGNELHKRGI VPTTMAPRFYGEFQKAIDYIGDKDRFEREFVL HEAIAEYFGYKLSIHSGSDKLSVYEIIGRVAKN GWHVKTAGTNWLEALRVIAHKDPEFMVELY KYAYEHLDDVKDFYVFNAQTDGKAPKPENVT VDNVVDVLSDDDGRQVLHTMYGSLMNLKHN YHYVFRDKFWDILLKNQDLYDKYLNIHIAEHI DLLQGKYKTKEEALAALEPKTDISKEY 367 pA07095 MFTILPKKGISLGLGDRIGIATTGHIKVAKKYN Petrotoga FFPVFAQQSIRELNFTGRTFTDVRKDVLNALIE mexicana ENYVGNSGFDGDHLKSDEEIQYALDSGITMLT LDCSEHMNKDSSIKDQIFEQFYNKSFFVNDMPI EYSDKNELNEIVSIYASVIERVIDVWNKFPKVN KKEVSFEVSVDETDVPTDEKTHFLISKYINDEG VKIDTLAPRFPGEFQKGIDYIGNVQEFKKSLIK QEKIAKYFGYRLSIHSGSDKFSIYPIIGEVTQGN YHLKTSGTSFLEAIKVVAQKDPEFFKKIWQTC LDKREEMDKYYHLSCNPFSVPKDLSPTEYLKN PDARQTLHVSYMFVLNPQYDFREKFFEILTKY QNEYHENVANHIEKHVKELKIEETIHKQKK 368 pA07096 MFSKLPKQGISLGLGDRVGLATPGHIKVAKRH Defluviitoga EFFPVFAQQSIRELNFTGRTFHDVKKDVENAVI tunisiensis KENYEGKSGFDGDHLKTDEEIKMAIDSGITML TLDCSEYMGVVSKIKEKIYKGFYGKTFKVKDL DLEYSQEELEKILSIYSGVIERIIYIWNNFPKVK NKDVSFEVSIDETNIPTDEKTHFLLSKYLYDEG ITIDTLAPRFPGEFQKGIDYIGNIKEFKNSLMKH HKIASYFGYRLSIHSGSDKFSIYPYVSQITQGN YHLKTSGTSYLQALKIIAQKAPDFFKEIWKTCL DKRTEMDKYYHLSCDPFSVPKDLKPIEYLNNP DARQTLHVSYMFVLNPKYDFRNRFFEILTKYE NEYHIEVAEHIKRHVKELKIPEKIQN 369 pA07097 MFTILPKKGISLGLGDRIGIATPGHIKVAKKYN Petrotoga FFPVFAQQSIRELNFTGRTFTDVRKDVLNALVE miotherma ENYVGNSGFDGDHLKSDEEIQYALDSGITMLT LDCSEHMNKDSSIKDQIFEQFYNKSFFVNDMPI EYSDKNELNKIVSIYASVIERVIDVWNKFPKVN KKEVTFEVSVDETDVPTDEKTHFLISKYIYDEG VKIDTLAPRFPGEFQKAIDYIGNIQEFKKSLIKQ NKIAKYFGYRLSIHSGSDKFSIYPIIGEVTQGNY HLKTSGTSYLEAIKVVAQKDPEFFKKIWQTCL DKREEMDKYYHLSCDPFSVPKDLSPTEYLKNI DARQTLHVSYMFVLNPQYDFREKFFEILTKYQ NEYYENVANHIEKHVKELKIEETK 370 pA07098 MFTILPKKGISIGLGDRIGIATPGHIKVAKKYNF Petrotoga olearia FPVFAQQSIRELNFTGRTFRDVRKDVLNALVE ENYVGNSGFDGDHLKSDEEIQYALDSGITMLT LDCSEHMNKDSSVKESIFDQFYNKSFFVNDMP IEYSDKNELNKIVSIYGGVIERVIDVWNKFPKV NKKEVSFEVSVDETDVPTDEKTHFLISKYIYDE GVKIDTLAPRFPGEFQKGIDYIGNIQEFKKSLIK QDKIAKYFGYRLSIHSGSDKFSIYPIIGEVTQGN YHLKTSGTSYLEAIKVIAQKDPEFFKKIWQTCL DKREEMDKYYHLSCDPFSVPKDLSPTEYLQNP DARQTLHVSYMFVLNPQYDFRKKFFEILTKYQ NEYHENVAHHIEKHVKELKVEETK 371 pA07099 MKKLAKYSFGMGDRFAHQASWQLKAITEIEK Thermophagus QGIEVTPVWNKSNREHTTIGSKPEDNRDAAQK xiamenensis AIQKAGWSKPWYIDADHINLDTVDNFLESSDF FTIDVASYIGKKGDSKEEETFISKMKPLIGNLNI PGVNSPFKITEQQLRNIAGQYLHAAFMAGETY KYIESVKGKGNFITEVSMDEVPEPQTPVELFFIL AMLAHYGVPAQTIAPKFTGRFNKGVDYVGDI ETFRKEYEANLMVIDYAIQKFGFPPELKLSIHS GSDKFSIYPVIKELSQKHNKGFHLKTAGTTWL EEVIGLAMAGGEALLFVKNIYSRALDNIEKLC APYADVIDINTDNLPKLSEVNNWTGEEFANAL RHVPDHPMYNPDLRQLIHVAYKLAAENINQF NSFLEQHSEIVGKCVFENLYKRHAERLFVFSN 372 pA07100 MKQLERFSMGIGDRFGHQGKAQLEALAEAKH Treponema LGCTIIPVWNKSYREHSIIHTEPGQVRKEADWA caldarium VAALGWQDPYHVDADHISMKTVDLFLDSSDF FTLDVADYTGKAADEASIARFVAKHQHCIGKL QIPGIEQPITITETTLTSVARKYLLAIQEAGKLY RHIANKKGPENFITEVSIDETDQPQGPEDLLFIL AMIADEGIPAQTIAPKFTGRFNKGVDYVGNLT QFEREFNQDILVIAYASKEFGLPKNLKLSVHSG SDKFSIYPIIKKAIYTHHAGLHLKTAGTTWLEE LIGLASAGDEGLRIVQQIYRETYYRFDELCAPY ATVIDIHKDKLPEPNSVQAWNGETYAAALRHI ENHPQYNPHFRQLLHVGYKVAAELGETYLKA LEAHEHHIALQVKENLLDRHIRPIFIQ 373 pA07101 MLDTPRYLGKLPHLSVGVRLPEVFLEGIMSGF Thermofilum KTGNSAGGVMLSYHRETAPEYVINAPPGDFEL uzonense TRGHTGTSIRHYIEASVAKAKEKGVVVEVEAD HVSVSVSSEAVKRISGGGTHRVLSEEEVRSAL KYIEDEIREAVSTRNIYFYTIDTCDLIDYSSEKIA VDELRTVFKDLYPASLIERYKDINVVVNGTRIR FDEEKVMRLSLKLMRSIDVSERIYRIIKEMTPW PFGIEIAFDETPVTSDPHELFFVLNELRTRGIPV DFIAPNVGFQKREDFTGDLETLHSRVKTLHEV ASFFGSLLSFHSGSGSSPYSMKGKGVHDIIRRA AGGLFKYKISGVYFELLMQLMSRSDIPSVRRL YEEIYDAVIELLEDQVKRKGELYDEVLVKRLE EHRKKSLNGYVRDSESPVFRYYSFLALNIRRN GERYLRNAIVELYLEDKGFREQVDREISALTV AFLDSLGFRGNVRLLR

Furthermore, the present disclosure provides polynucleotides encoding any of the polypeptides disclosed herein. The present disclosure also provides constructs, vectors, plasmids that comprises the polynucleotides. An expression vector carrying the polynucleotides of the disclosure may be any vector which is capable of expressing polypeptides having D-fructose C4-epimerase activity in the selected host organism, and the choice of vector will depend on the host cell into which it is to be introduced. Thus, the vector may be an autonomously replicating vector, i.e. a vector which exists as an extrachromosomal entity, the replication of which is independent of chromosomal replication, e.g. a plasmid, a bacteriophage or an extrachromosomal element, a minichromosome or an artificial chromosome. Alternatively, the vector may be one which, when introduced into a host cell, is integrated into the host cell genome and replicated together with the chromosome.

In the vector, the polynucleotides encoding for the D-fructose C4-epimerase active polypeptide should be operably combined with a suitable promoter sequence. The promoter may be any DNA sequence which confers transcriptional activity to the host organism of choice and may be derived from genes encoding proteins which are either homologous or heterologous to the host organism. Examples of suitable promoters for directing the transcription of the DNA fragment of the disclosure in a bacterial host are the promoter of the lac operon of E. coli, the promoter of the T7 RNA polymerase of T7 bacteriophage, the Streptomyces coelicolor agarase gene dagA promoters, the promoters of the Bacillus lichenformis α-amylase gene (amyL), the promoters of the Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase gene (amyM), the promoters of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase gene (agyQ), the promoters of the Bacillus subtilis xylA and xylB genes.

The host organism of the disclosure either comprising a polynucleotide or an expression vector as described above is advantageously used as a host cell in the recombinant production of a polypeptide according to the disclosure. The cell may be transformed with a DNA construct comprising the gene coding for the polypeptide of the disclosure or, conveniently by integrating the DNA construct into the host chromosome. Such an integration is generally considered to be advantageous as the DNA fragment is more likely to be stably maintained in the cell. Integration of the DNA constructs into the host chromosome may be carried out according to conventional methods such as e.g. by homologous or heterologous recombination or by means of a transposable element. Alternatively, the host organism may be transformed with an expression vector as described above.

In accordance with the disclosure, the host organism may be a cell of a higher organism such as an animal cell, including a mammal, an avian or an insect cell, or a plant cell. However, in preferred embodiments, the host organism is a microbial cell, e.g. a bacterial or a fungal cell including a yeast cell.

In some embodiments, the foregoing polypeptide or microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to a carrier or support. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to the carrier or support through adsorption, covalent attachment, non-covalent attachment, ionic interaction, entrapment, cross-linking, or metal-linking. In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an organic composition. In some embodiments, the organic composition is a natural polymer. In some embodiments the natural polymer is alginate, chitosan, chitin, collagen, carrageenan, gelatin, cellulose, starch, pectin, or sepharose. In some embodiments, the organic composition is a synthetic polymer. In some embodiments, the synthetic polymer is polystyrene, styrene divinylbenzene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polyamide, polypropylene, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose), UV-activated polyethylene glycerol, or methacrylate. In some embodiments, the organic composition is functionalized with a chemical group to facilitate enzyme immobilization. In some embodiments, the functional group is an epoxy group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon, a tertiary amine, a quaternary amine, a carboxylic ester, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), polyamine, or a carboxylic acid. In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an inorganic composition. In some embodiments, the inorganic composition is alumina, Zeolite, ceramics, celite, glass, silica, activated carbon, or charcoal. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized without a carrier or support. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is cross-linked to itself and/or an inert feeder protein using glutaraldehyde.

III. Modified Microorganisms

In another aspect, the disclosure provides a microorganism expressing any of the polypeptides disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a microorganism expressing a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the microorganism is modified. In some embodiments, wherein the modified microorganism is genetically modified. In some embodiments, the modified microorganism is non-naturally occurring.

In some embodiments, the modified microorganism is derived from Escherichia coli, Corynebacterum glutamicum, Aspergillus oryzae, Pichia pastoris, Bacillus subtilis, Caldithrix abyssi, Anaerolinea thermophila, Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus, Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis, Dictyoglomus turgidum, Caldilinea aerophila, Rhodothermus marinus, Methanohalobium evestigatum, Clostridium cavendishii, Kosmotoga olearia, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Clostridium thermobutyricum, Litorilinea aerophila, Enterobacter mori, Caldisericum exile, Dictyoglomus thermophilum, Rhodothermus profundi, Caldibacillus debilis, Caloramator quimbayensis, Methanosalsum zhilinae, Pseudothermotoga thermarum, Pseudothermotoga hypogea, Pseudothermotoga lettingae, Geosporobacter subterraneus, Melioribacter roseus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Clostridium stercorarium, Truepera radiovictrix, Thermoflexus hugenholtzii, Petrotoga mobilis, Spirochaeta thermophila, Thermofilum pendens, Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus, Thermoanaerobacter mathranii, Thermoanaerobacter italicus, Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum, Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum, Ignisphaera aggregans, Thermotoga maritima, Caldanaerobacter subterraneus, Mesotoga infera, Thermosinus carboxydivorans, Halanaerobium congolense, Halanaerobium saccharolyticum, Gracilibacillus halophilus, Caldicoprobacter faecalis, Thermoanaerobacter uzonensis, Lactobacillus ingluviei, Petrotoga mexicana, Defluviitoga tunisiensis, Petrotoga miotherma, Petrotoga olearia, Thermophagus xiamenensis, Treponema caldarium, Thermofilum uzonense.

The modified microorganism according to the disclosure may, if it is intended for direct addition to a product where it is desired to have D-fructose C4-epimerase activity, e.g. during a manufacturing process, be provided in the form of a microbial culture, preferably in a concentrate form. Thus, such a culture may advantageously contain the microbial cell according to the disclosure in a concentration which is preferably in the range of 10⁵ to 10¹² per g of culture. The culture may be a fresh culture, i.e. a non-frozen suspension of the cells in a liquid medium or it may in the form of a frozen or dried culture, e.g. a freeze-dried culture. The microbial cell may also for specific purposes be immobilized on a solid substrate.

In some embodiments, the foregoing microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized. In some embodiments, the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to a carrier or support. In some embodiments, the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to the carrier or support through adsorption, covalent attachment, non-covalent attachment, ionic interaction, entrapment, cross-linking, or metal-linking. In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an organic composition. In some embodiments, the organic composition is a natural polymer. In some embodiments the natural polymer is alginate, chitosan, chitin, collagen, carrageenan, gelatin, cellulose, starch, pectin, or sepharose. In some embodiments, the organic composition is a synthetic polymer. In some embodiments, the synthetic polymer is polystyrene, styrene divinylbenzene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polyamide, polypropylene, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose), UV-activated polyethylene glycerol, or methacrylate. In some embodiments, the organic composition is functionalized with a chemical group to facilitate enzyme immobilization. In some embodiments, the functional group is an epoxy group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon, a tertiary amine, a quaternary amine, a carboxylic ester, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), polyamine, or a carboxylic acid. In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an inorganic composition. In some embodiments, the inorganic composition is alumina, zeolite, ceramics, celite, glass, silica, activated carbon, or charcoal. In some embodiments, the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized without a carrier or support. In some embodiments, the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is cross-linked to itself and/or an inert feeder protein using glutaraldehyde.

IV. Immobilization

The immobilization of the foregoing polypeptides and microorganisms can be achieved using techniques known in the art. Immobilized enzymes have a number of distinct advantages over soluble enzymes such as, for example, their use in continuous conversion systems. Exemplary of publications which review the art directed to enzyme immobilization are the following: Goldstein, in Fermentation Advances, Academic Press, New York, N.Y. (1969), pp. 391-424; Goldstein et al., Z. Anal. Chem., 243, pp. 375-396 (1968); Kay, Process Biochem., 3 (8), pp. 36-39 (1968); Tosa et al., Kagaku To Seibutsu, 7 (3), pp. 147-155 (1967); Silman et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 35 (2), pp. 873-908 (1966); Gryszkiewicz, Folia Biologica, 19 (1), pp. 119-150 (1971); Zaborsky, “Immobilized Enzymes”, CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio (1973); Datta et al., 3 Biotech. “Enzyme immobilization: an overview on techniques and support materials,” 3(1): 1-9 (2013); Gotovtsev et al., “Immobilization of microbial cells for biotechnological production: Modern solutions and promising technologies,” Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., 51: 792 (2015).

From the above noted publications, it is apparent that a number of enzyme immobilization techniques have been described. These techniques include covalently bonding an enzyme to a suitable insoluble carrier or support, encapsulation of an enzyme within a material which is impermeable to the enzyme but permeable to the substrate and the products of the catalyzed reaction, adsorption of an enzyme on an insoluble carrier and entrapment of an enzyme within a porous polymeric material wherein the pores are of such a size that will provide free access of the substrate and the catalyzed reaction products but which are sufficiently small to prevent the escape of the enzyme.

In some embodiments, the polypeptides disclosed herein or microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to a carrier or support. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to the carrier or support through adsorption, covalent attachment, non-covalent attachment, ionic interaction, entrapment, cross-linking, or metal-linking.

In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an organic composition. In some embodiments, the organic composition is alginate, chitosan, chitin, collagen, carrageenan, gelatin, cellulose, starch, pectin, sepharose, polystyrene, styrene divinylbenzene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polyamide, polypropylene, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose), UV-activated polyethylene glycerol, or methacrylate. In some embodiments, the organic composition is functionalized with a chemical group. In some embodiments, the chemical group is an epoxy group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon, a tertiary amine, a quaternary amine, a carboxylic ester, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), polyamine, or a carboxylic acid. In some embodiments, the organic composition is a natural polymer. In some embodiments the natural polymer is alginate, chitosan, chitin, collagen, carrageenan, gelatin, cellulose, starch, pectin, or sepharose. In some embodiments, the organic composition is a synthetic polymer. In some embodiments, the synthetic polymer is polystyrene, styrene divinylbenzene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polyamide, polypropylene, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose), UV-activated polyethylene glycerol, or methacrylate. In some embodiments, the organic composition is functionalized with a chemical group to facilitate enzyme immobilization. In some embodiments, the functional group is an epoxy group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon, a tertiary amine, a quaternary amine, a carboxylic ester, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), polyamine, or a carboxylic acid.

In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an inorganic composition. In some embodiments, the inorganic composition is alumina, zeolite, ceramics, celite, glass, silica, activated carbon, or charcoal. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized without a carrier or support. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is cross-linked to itself and/or an inert feeder protein using a cross-linking agent. In some embodiments, the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde.

V. Methods for Producing Tagatose

The present invention provides methods and compositions for converting fructose to tagatose. An economic biocatalytic process for conversion of fructose to tagatose will likely require an enzyme that remains active for extended periods of time at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperatures prevent contamination, can increase substrate solubility and can increase reaction rate. Enzymes from thermophiles are necessarily thermostable and active at elevated temperatures due to their organism's native environment. Therefore, enzymes from thermophiles were screened for D-fructose C4-epimerase (FC4E) activity.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of producing tagatose, the method comprising: (a) contacting fructose with any of the polypeptides disclosed herein or a microorganism expressing the polypeptide; and (b) converting fructose to tagatose. In some embodiments, the method comprises: (a) contacting fructose with a polypeptide or a microorganism expressing the polypeptide, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444; and (b) converting fructose to tagatose. In some embodiments, step (b) converts fructose to tagatose through C4-epimerization of fructose. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists essentially of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the polypeptide consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-444. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is capable of converting fructose to tagatose through C4-epimerization of fructose. In some embodiments, the polypeptide has D-fructose C4-epimerase activity.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method for producing a tagatose composition, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a starting composition comprising greater than about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90% of fructose by weight; (b) contacting the starting composition with any of the polypeptide disclosed herein or a microorganism expressing the polypeptide; and (c) producing a tagatose composition comprising tagatose. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is capable of converting fructose to tagatose through epimerization at the carbon-4 position of fructose.

In some embodiments, the tagatose composition comprises tagatose in an amount greater than about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, or about 40% by weight. In some embodiments, the tagatose composition comprises tagatose in an amount between about 0.3-80 wt %. In some embodiments, the tagatose composition comprises tagatose in an amount between about 0.5-60 wt %. In some embodiments, the tagatose composition comprises tagatose in an amount between about 1-40 wt %.

In some embodiments, the starting composition comprises fructose in an amount between about 0.3% to about 70% by weight. In some embodiments, the starting composition comprises fructose in an amount between about 10% to about 60% by weight. In some embodiments, the starting composition comprises fructose in an amount between about 20% to about 60% by weight. In some embodiments, the starting composition comprises fructose in an amount between about 20% to about 40% by weight. In some embodiments, the starting composition comprises fructose in an amount between about 30% by weight.

In some embodiments, contacting fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at a temperature between about 40° C. and about 100° C. In some embodiments, contacting fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at a temperature between about 50° C. and about 90° C. In some embodiments, contacting fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at a temperature between about 60° C. and about 80° C. In some embodiments, the contacting of fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at a temperature of about 60° C.

In some embodiments, the contacting of fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at between about pH 4.5 and about pH 8. In some embodiments, the contacting of fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed at about pH 7.5.

In some embodiments, the contacting of fructose with the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is performed in the presence of a metal ion. In some embodiments, the metal ion is a divalent metal cation. In some embodiments, the metal ion is Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, or Ni²⁺.

In some embodiments, the method disclosed herein is a batch process. In some embodiments, the method disclosed herein is a continuous process. In some embodiments, the continuous process uses a fixed bed or fluidized bed reactor.

In some embodiments, the tagatose product is separated from the feed stock (fructose, glucose, and/or sucrose, etc.) through chromatographic means. In some embodiments, the tagatose is isolated from the feed using a chromatographic method. In some embodiments, the chromatographic method is simulated moving bed chromatography.

In some embodiments, the isolated tagatose is further purified with crystallization. In some embodiments, evaporative crystallization is used to make crystalline tagatose. In some embodiments, the tagatose product is crystallized. In some embodiments, the evaporative crystallization process is isothermal, and in another embodiment evaporative cooling is used. In some embodiments, the crystallization is isothermal evaporative crystallization or evaporative cooling crystallization. In some embodiments, the fructose is produced from glucose or sucrose.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to a carrier or support. In some embodiments, In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is immobilized to the carrier or support through adsorption, covalent attachment, non-covalent attachment, ionic interaction, entrapment, cross-linking, or metal-linking. In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an organic composition. In some embodiments, the organic composition is alginate, chitosan, chitin, collagen, carrageenan, gelatin, cellulose, starch, pectin, sepharose, polystyrene, styrene divinylbenzene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polyamide, polypropylene, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose), UV-activated polyethylene glycerol, or methacrylate. In some embodiments, the organic composition is functionalized with a chemical group. In some embodiments, the chemical group is an epoxy group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon, a tertiary amine, a quaternary amine, a carboxylic ester, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), polyamine, or a carboxylic acid.

In some embodiments, the carrier or support is an inorganic composition. In some embodiments, the inorganic composition is alumina, zeolite, ceramics, celite, glass, silica, activated carbon, or charcoal. In some embodiments, the polypeptide or the microorganism expressing the polypeptide is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent. In some embodiments, the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde.

In some embodiments, the fructose is produced from glucose or sucrose. As a result, the present disclosure can provide a method for producing tagatose in high yield using common and inexpensive raw materials such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, and the like, which enables mass production of tagatose.

Accordingly, the present disclosure may further include hydrolyzing sucrose or isomerizing glucose to produce fructose prior to reaction of fructose with the composition according to any one of embodiments of the present disclosure. Enzymes utilized in hydrolysis may be β-D-fructosidase including β-fructofuranosidase, invertase, saccharase, sucrase, α-glucosidase, or α-D-glucohydrolase, without being limited thereto. Examples of the enzyme isomerizing glucose may include glucose (xylose) isomerase and phosphoglucoisomerase, without being limited thereto.

EXAMPLES

The following working examples are illustrative and are not intended to be limiting, and it will be readily understood by one of skill in the art that other embodiments may be utilized.

Example 1 Preparation of Recombinant Microorganisms Producing D-Fructose 4-Epimerase (FC4E)

The genomes of thermophilic organisms were searched for enzymes with putative FC4E activity. Two protein scaffolds were identified, and polynucleotides encoding amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1 to SEQ ID NO:23 (Scaffold1) and SEQ ID NO:321 to SEQ ID NO:373 (Scaffold2) derived from 56 thermophilic microorganisms (Table 3) were synthesized (GenScript) and inserted into the pARZ4 expression vector, generating the corresponding recombinant vectors: pA06233, pA06234, pA06235, pA06236, pA06237, pA06238, pA06239, pA06240, pA06241, pA07068, pA07069, pA07070, pA07071, pA07072, pA07073, pA07074, pA07075, pA07076, pA07077, pA07078, pA07079, pA07080, pA07081, pA06242, pA06243, pA06246, pA06247, pA06248, pA06249, pA06250, pA06252, pA06253, pA06254, pA06255, pA06256, pA06257, pA06261, pA06265, pA06266, pA06267, pA06268, pA06270, pA06271, pA06272, pA06273, pA06274, pA07082, pA07083, pA07084, pA07085, pA07086, pA07087, pA07088, pA07089, pA07090, pA07091, pA07092, pA07094, pA07095, pA07096, pA07097, pA07098, pA07099, pA07100, pA07101. The recombinant vectors were used in a heat shock method to transform competent E. coli (NEBT7EL; New England Biolabs), thereby preparing recombinant microorganisms.

Each transformed recombinant microorganism was inoculated into 1 ml LB-kanamycin medium, cultured by shaking at 37° C. overnight. The culture was inoculated to 5 ml TB-kanamycin medium and grown for 2 hours at 37° C., followed by 25° C. for 1 hour. The culture was induced with 50 uL 50 mM IPTG and grown overnight. Finally, the culture was centrifuged at top-speed for 5-minutes and stored at −80° C.

The prepared E. coli recombinant microorganisms were named as NEBT7EL-pA06233, NEBT7EL-pA06234, NEBT7EL-pA06235, NEBT7EL-pA06236, NEBT7EL-pA06237, NEBT7EL-pA06238, NEBT7EL-pA06239, NEBT7EL-pA06240, NEBT7EL-pA06241, NEBT7EL-pA07068, NEBT7EL-pA07069, NEBT7EL-pA07070, NEBT7EL-pA07071, NEBT7EL-pA07072, NEBT7EL-pA07073, NEBT7EL-pA07074, NEBT7EL-pA07075, NEBT7EL-pA07076, NEBT7EL-pA07077, NEBT7EL-pA07078, NEBT7EL-pA07079, NEBT7EL-pA07080, NEBT7EL-pA07081, NEBT7EL-pA06242, NEBT7EL-pA06243, NEBT7EL-pA06246, NEBT7EL-pA06247, NEBT7EL-pA06248, NEBT7EL-pA06249, NEBT7EL-pA06250, NEBT7EL-pA06252, NEBT7EL-pA06253, NEBT7EL-pA06254, NEBT7EL-pA06255, NEBT7EL-pA06256, NEBT7EL-pA06257, NEBT7EL-pA06261, NEBT7EL-pA06265, NEBT7EL-pA06266, NEBT7EL-pA06267, NEBT7EL-pA06268, NEBT7EL-pA06270, NEBT7EL-pA06271, NEBT7EL-pA06272, NEBT7EL-pA06273, NEBT7EL-pA06274, NEBT7EL-pA07082, NEBT7EL-pA07083, NEBT7EL-pA07084, NEBT7EL-pA07085, NEBT7EL-pA07086, NEBT7EL-pA07087, NEBT7EL-pA07088, NEBT7EL-pA07089, NEBT7EL-pA07090, NEBT7EL-pA07091, NEBT7EL-pA07092, NEBT7EL-pA07094, NEBT7EL-pA07095, NEBT7EL-pA07096, NEBT7EL-pA07097, NEBT7EL-pA07098, NEBT7EL-pA07099, NEBT7EL-pA07100, and NEBT7EL-pA07101.

Example 2 Purification and Measurement of D-Fructose 4-Epimerase Activity

2-1. Purification of D-Fructose 4-Epimerase

The 76 microorganisms expressing D-fructose C4-epimerases created in Example 1 were dissolved in lysis buffer (lysozyme, DNAseI, Bugbuster, 300 mL 20 mM P04 pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, and 20 mM Imidazole). Two to three glass beads were added to each well and were disrupted by shaking at 25° C. and 220 rpm for 30 minutes. The disrupted liquid was centrifuged at 2200×g for 6-10 minutes. The obtained supernatant was loaded onto a Ni-NTA plate and shaken for 10 minutes at room temperature. The plate was centrifuged for 4 minutes at 100×g followed by two washes of 500 uL binding buffer (300 mL 20 mM P04 pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, 20 mM Imidazole) and two minute centrifugation (500×g). The proteins were eluted with 150 uL elution buffer (15 mL 20 mM P04 pH 7.5.5, 500 mM NaCl, 500 mM Imidazole) and shaken for 1 minute at 0.25 maximum shaking speed followed by centrifugation for 2 minutes at 500×g. The recovered protein was desalted into a buffer solution for enzyme activity evaluation (Scaffold1: 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5; Scaffold2: 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM NiCl₂, pH 7.5).

2-2. Measurement of D-Fructose 4-Epimerase Activity

In order to identify the activity of the 76 D-fructose C4-epimerases purified in Example 2-1, the enzymes were reacted with fructose substrate at 60° C. The reaction was started by reacting 20 mM fructose with purified enzyme in buffer (Scaffold1: 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5; Scaffold2: 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM NiCl₂, pH 7.5) and allowed to react overnight, followed by quenching the reaction product by placing the reaction at −80° C.

All monosaccharides were analyzed using an Agilent 6545 q-tof run in negative/high sensitivity mode. Sugars were separated using a Varian Hi-plex Pb++ column (100 mm×7.7 mm). A 4:1 mixture of methanol and chloroform was added to the reference mix to induce the formation of C+ adducts. Quantification was performed on the (M+Cl)− adduct of 215.0320 m/z. Standards of fructose and tagatose were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and calibration was performed from 1 to 1000 ppM.

The D-fructose C4-epimerases successfully produced tagatose from fructose. The relative conversion rates are shown in FIG. 1 (Scaffold1) and FIG. 2 (Scaffold2). Specific Q-tof traces for a subset of the FC4Es are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.

2-3. Activity Analysis of Alternate Metal Ions.

In order to determine the dependence of epimerase activity on metal salt type, a subset of the Scaffold1 purified enzymes from Example 2-1 were tested for activity with alternative metal salts: 0.3 mM NiCl₂ and 0.3 mM ZnCl₂ (FIG. 5). All conditions were the same as in Example 2-2 except CoCl₂ was substituted with an alternate metal salt.

Example 3 Activity of D-Fructose 4-Epimerases in High Sugar

In Example 2-2, the putative D-fructose C4-epimerases were screened at a low sugar concentration to determine if any activity was present. However, an industrially useful enzyme should be active at higher substrate concentrations. Therefore, the FC4Es were challenged with 1 M fructose. The experiments were conducted similarly to those in Example 2-2, except 1 M fructose was used as substrate and the reaction was limited to 20 minutes instead of overnight. Several FC4Es showed activity in these more challenging conditions (FIG. 6).

Example 4 Heat Stability of D-Fructose 4-Epimerases

Eight FC4Es pA06233-pA06240 were tested for heat stability. Enzymes were expressed and purified similar to Example 2-1. The FC4Es were incubated at 60° C. for 24 hours and then each enzyme was reacted with fructose (final concentration of 0.57M) for 20 minutes at 60° C. The conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured as described in Example 2-2. The relative tagatose yield for the enzymes can be seen in FIG. 7.

Example 5 Characterization of Top D-Fructose 4-Epimerases

Top FC4Es were further characterized to determine how their activity varied with temperature, sugar concentration, reaction time, and protein concentration. To determine the temperature optimum, enzymes pA06234, pA06235, pA06238 were purified as in Example 2-1 and reacted with 1.9 M sugar for 20 minutes in buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5) at the following temperatures: 50° C., 60° C., 65° C., 70° C., 80° C., 90° C. and 100° C. The conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured the same as Example 2-2. The relative yield of tagatose over the measured temperature range is shown in FIG. 8.

Next, the conversion of fructose over time was measured for FC4Es pA06234, pA06235, pA06238 and pA07079. Purified protein was obtained as in Example 2-1. FC4E was reacted with 1.9 M fructose in 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5 for 0-24 hours at 60° C. The conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured as in Example 2-2. The relative yield for the measured reaction times is shown in FIG. 9.

The effect of protein concentration was determined for FC4Es pA06234, pA06235, pA06238 and pA07079. Purified protein was obtained as in Example 2-1. The protein was then concentrated using Vivaspin 6, 5 kDa molecular weight protein concentrators. Five different dilutions of each FC4E was reacted with 1.9 M fructose in 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5 at 60° C. for 20 minutes. The conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured as in Example 2-2. The relative yield for the different protein concentrations is shown in FIG. 10.

The effect of substrate concentration on fructose to tagatose conversion was measured for pA06238. Purified protein was obtained as in Example 2-1. pA06238 was reacted with 50 mM-2.8 M fructose in 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5 for 20 minutes at 60° C. The conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured as in Example 2-2. The relative tagatose yield for the tested sugar concentrations is shown in FIG. 11.

Example 6 Thermostability of pA06238

An industrially useful enzyme will likely need to operate at sustained elevated temperatures. Example 4 demonstrates that pA06238 is stable when incubated at 60° C. for a day. To further investigate the thermostability of pA06238, the lifetime of pA06238 at 80° C. was investigated. Purified protein was obtained as in Example 2-1. pA06238 was incubated at 80° C. for 0-72 hours. Following incubation, the enzyme was reacted with 1.9 M fructose in 20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5 for 20 minutes at 60° C. The conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured as in Example 2-2. The relative tagatose yield for the tested sugar concentrations is shown in FIG. 12. After 3 days incubation, there was not a statistically significant loss of activity compared to the early timepoints.

Example 7 Improved Expression of pA06238 Through Coding Sequence Optimization

We used our in-house DNA optimization software, Scribe™, to improve expression of pA06238. Thirty optimized polynucleotide sequences that code for the pA06238 amino acid sequence inserted in the pARZ4 expression vector were ordered from Twist Bioscience. The plasmids were transformed into NEBT7EL and the FC4Es were expressed and purified as in Example 2-1. Purified enzyme was reacted in buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5) with 1.9 M fructose at 60° C. for 24 hours. To detect the formation of tagatose, reaction assays were diluted 20-fold with water. Plates were sealed and placed into a Waters AQUITY-H UPLC system consisting of an FTN samples manager, RI and UV detector. Separation of tagatose from fructose was conducted on an Agilent Hi-plex Pb 150×4.0 mm column (p/n PL1115-9999) with 100% water at 85° C. at a flow rate of 0.45 ml/min. Quantification was done using the RI detector channel. The purified protein yield and corresponding enzyme activity for the 30 optimized polynucleotide sequences compared to the parent pA06238 (square) is shown in FIG. 13. The most improved variant improved expression by 1.32-fold with a corresponding 1.35 fold improvement in tagatose yield.

Example 8 Immobilization of pA06238 on Commercially Available Supports

8-1. Enzyme Immobilization Resins

The FC4E pA06238 enables a one-step enzymatic process to convert fructose to tagatose. An example biocatalytic process for making tagatose from fructose involves the use of immobilized FC4E in a fixed bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor. We successfully demonstrated the immobilization of pA06238 on several commercially available supports.

Enzyme immobilization resins were purchased from Chiralvision (IB-ADS-1, IB-ADS-2, IB-ADS-3, IB-ADS-4, IB-ANI-1, IB-ANI-2, IB-ANI-3, IB-ANI-4, IB-CAT-1, IB-COV-1, IB-COV-2, IB-COV-3) and Purolite (ECR1030M, ECR1090F, ECR1504, ECR1640, ECR8204F, ECR8209F, ECR8285, ECR8309F, ECR8409F, ECR8806F). These resins vary in composition (methacrylate, styrene or polyacrylic) as well as functional group (epoxy, amino, octadecyl, tertiary amine, quaternary amine, carboxylic ester, phenyl, sulphonic, or no functional group).

The standard protocol for each resin from each company was used to immobilize pA06238 onto 100 mg resin. Two different volumes of enzyme (400 uL and 200 uL) were incubated with resin at room temperature to immobilize the enzyme onto the support. After incubation, the immobilized enzyme was washed five times with either water (Chiralvision) or buffer (Purolite). The immobilized enzyme was reacted with 1 M fructose in buffer at 60° C. for 20 minutes. The relative activity obtained for each support is shown in FIG. 14.

8-2. Metal Chelating Resins

Since pA06238 contains a hexahistidine tag, the enzyme should immobilize onto loaded metal chelating resins through a metal-hexahistidine tag interaction. The following commercial metal chelating resins were obtained to test enzyme immobilization: Ni-NTA agarose (Qiagen), Nuvia IMAC (Bio-Rad), S930 plus (Purolite), S940 (Purolite), S950 (Purolite), Lewatit MDS TP 208 (Lanxess), Lewatit MDS TP 260 (Lanxess), Lewatit MDS TP 260 (Lanxess), Relite MAC5 (Mitsubishi), Relite MAC1 (Mitsubishi), DIAION CR11 (Mitsubishi), DIAION CR20 (Mitsubishi), Amberlite IRC748 (Dow), and Amberlite IRC747 (Dow). The metal chelating resins utilize one of the following functional groups for metal binding: nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), polyamine, or carboxylic acid. The NTA resins were pre-loaded with nickel. For the remaining resins, copper was loaded onto the resin by incubating 100 mg of resin with 400 uL of 200 mM CuSO₄ followed by washing with 100 mM sodium acetate. To immobilize pA06238, all resins were washed with buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5) and 8 mg of protein was incubated with 100 mg for 18 hours with mixing and let stand for 20 hours at room temperature. Immobilized enzyme was washed with buffer to remove unbound protein, and then assayed for fructose to tagatose conversion by reacting with 1 M fructose for 20 minutes at 60° C. Four metal chelating resins had detectable activity, but all were lower than the best enzyme immobilization resins from Example 8-1 (Table 4).

TABLE 4 Relative activity of pA06238 immobilized on metal chelating resins compared to ECR8204F Resin Percent of ECR8204F Yield Qiagen Ni-NTA 18.1% Nuvia IMAC 16.0% Amberlite IRC747 6.7% DIAION CR20 5.6%

Example 9 Conversion of Fructose to Tagatose in a Fixed Bed Reactor

NEBT7EL-pA06238 was grown on LB with 50 μg/ml kanamycin. A 600 ml culture of TB_(kan50) was inoculated with NEBT7EL-pA06238 and incubated overnight at 37° C. at 200 rpm. The next morning, a 10 L fermentor was prepared with 9.5 L of TB and then inoculated with 500 ml of the overnight culture. The culture was grown at 37° C. The pH was maintained at 6.2 with NaOH and the dO₂ was maintained ≥20%. After 2 hours of growth, the temperature was dropped to 25° C. The culture was grown for an additional 1 hour with the OD₆₀₀ around 7. IPTG was added to a final concentration of 1 mM and CoCl₂ was added to 25 μM. Additional CoCl₂ was added 1 and 2 hours after induction to bring the final concentration to 300 μM. The cells were grown for 20 hours at which point the fermentor was chilled to 10° C. and the cells were harvested by centrifugation. The cell pellet was stored at −80° C. until use.

The cell pellet from the fermentation was lysed by stirring in buffer with lysozyme and DNAse. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 micron filter. Filtered supernatant was incubated with Ni-NTA agarose resin and then enzyme was eluted with imidazole. Purified FC4E pA06238 was immobilized onto 5.25 grams of ECR8204F resin using the standard published protocol from Purolite.

The immobilized enzyme was loaded into a 11×300 mm glass fixed bed reactor and run for approximately 200 h at constant temperature (60° C.) with a constant feed composition of 30 wt % fructose+70 wt % aqueous buffer solution (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂). Feed rate was held constant at 140 uL/min throughout the run. The fixed bed reaction reached a maximal conversion of approximately 30% tagatose and had a half-life of −50 hours (FIG. 15).

Example 10 Simulated Moving Bed Separation of Tagatose from a Mixed Sugar Solution

Eight 25 mm×300 mm glass, jacketed chromatography columns were loaded with Dowex™ monosphere 99 Ca/320 resin and connected to a temperature control system including a recirculating hot water system (Polyscience, AP20S150-A11B) and electrical heat-loss compensation capable of temperature control to within ±1° C. The columns were plumbed in a 3-zone simulated moving bed configuration using a Semba Biosciences Octave chromatography system (SMB unit). A degassed feed sugar solution of 10 wt % tagatose, 20 wt % fructose and 70 wt % purified water was metered into the SMB unit via a dual-piston positive displacement pump (Octave 100) including pre- and post-filters and pulse-dampening to ensure smooth continuous flow at specified volumetric flow rates. The eluent feed to the system was a degassed purified water solution, similarly, fed to the SMB unit using a larger dual-piston positive displacement pump (Octave 300) including pre- and post-filters and pulse-dampening. At steady-state, a smaller extract stream was continuously withdrawn from the unit using a third dual-piston positive displacement pump (Octave 100), while the larger raffinate stream flowed from the unit via a back-pressure control valve. Product rates were monitored intermittently by manual volumetric measurement.

A range of experiments were performed to demonstrate purification of tagatose in the extract stream. In Condition 1 the SMB separation was performed on 1 L of the degassed sugar feed solution, collecting 3.6 L of extract and 12.2 L of raffinate over 24 h. Table 5 shows that a highly purified tagatose stream can be collected using SMB separation.

TABLE 5 Measured concentrations of tagatose and fructose during SMB Condition 1. Tagatose Fructose concentration, g/L Concentration, g/L Extract Stream 33.35 0.25 Raffinate Stream 1.87 31.30

Example 11 Isothermal Batch Crystallization of Tagatose from a Mixed Sugar Solution

A mixed sugar solution comprising 200 g tagatose, and 50 g fructose was solvated in 120 g water by gently heating the solution with rotary agitation using a rotary evaporator (Eyela, N-1200BS) to a temperature of 60° C. Isothermal batch crystallization was performed by pulling vacuum of the evaporation flask to a constant pressure of 100 mmHg, then slowly evaporating water from the flask under constant vacuum over a 270 min period. Once 20 ml of condensate had been collected, the experiment was paused briefly, 0.25 g of pure tagatose seed crystals were added to the flask, and then vacuum conditions were restored, and the evaporation was continued. Slow crystallization was observed. The experiment was continued until 80 ml condensate had been collected, after which the flask was quickly disconnected from the rotary evaporator and the slurry of mother liquor and crystals was quickly filtered via a Buchner funnel fitted with a cellulose filter. The collected crystals were washed with 62.5 g of ice-cold water, then dried under vacuum at 60° C. for 2 h. The final tagatose crystals contained 98.51 wt % tagatose and 1.49 wt % fructose, a significant improvement versus the feed mixture.

Example 12 Active Site Mutants Improve FC4E Activity

12-1. Active Site Mutants of pA06234

Active site mutants of pA06234 were generated to determine the impact of these residues on catalysis. For each mutant, primer pairs were designed to 1) open the parent CDS at the desired insertion point (omitting the codon intended to be replaced) and 2) split the plasmid backbone within the antibiotic selection marker. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) then successfully generated two linear fragments from each plasmid. The new, desired codon was embedded in the forward primer of the first PCR. Primers were designed to also include flanking homology. Subsequent two-way flanking homology-based DNA assembly produced plasmids used to transform our standard cloning strain. After confirming DNA sequence by Sanger sequencing, sequence-perfect plasmids were used to transform NEBT7EL.

FC4E active site mutants (SEQ ID NOs: 24-45) were expressed and purified as in Example 2-1. Purified enzyme was reacted with 1.9 M fructose in buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM COCl₂) overnight at 60° C. Conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured as in Example 2-2 (FIG. 16). Promising active site mutants with tagatose conversion similar to or better than the parent were further investigated by reacting with fructose for 20 minutes. Four mutants with increased activity compared to the parent enzyme (pA06234) are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Plasmid ID Mutation Fold Increase in Tagatose Yield pA07219 Y361A 2.14 pA07210 E178A 2.14 pA07203 Y64F 1.40 pA07202 Y64A 1.18

12-2. Transferring pA06234 Active Site Mutations into pA06238

The native FC4Es (SEQ ID NOs: 1-23, 321-373) are sufficiently similar (FIG. 17) that beneficial mutations in one enzyme can be transferred to the corresponding position in another FC4E enzyme and have correspondingly beneficial impacts. We demonstrate this by transferring the top three mutations from Example 12-1 (Y64F, E178A, Y361A) into the pA06238 sequence (Y53F, D167A, Y340A; SEQ ID NO: 231). The polynucleotide sequence for SEQ ID NO: 231 was ordered from Twist Bioscience. The plasmid was transformed, and the protein was expressed and purified as in Example 2-1. The purified enzyme was reacted with 1.9 M fructose in buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM COCl₂) for 24 hours at 60° C. The mutant enzyme, SEQ ID NO: 231, had a 1.4-fold improvement in tagatose conversion compared to the parent enzyme, pA06238.

12-3. Active Site Mutants of pA06238

Forty-two active site residue positions in pA06238 were chosen for site-saturation mutagenesis to create a library of pA06238 mutants. Mutant plasmids were generated similar to Example 12-1, except that primers were used that encoded all amino acids at the specified mutant residue position, and clones were selected for use without sequence verification.

FC4Es from the mutant library were expressed and purified similar to Example 2-1. Purified enzyme was reacted with 1.9 M fructose in buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl₂, pH 7.5) at 60° C. for 1 and 24 hours. Conversion of fructose to tagatose was measured as in Example 7. Fold increase in percent tagatose conversion for each tested mutant is shown in FIG. 18 (1 hour data) and FIG. 19 (24 hour measurements). The following wild-type residue positions had mutant library members that showed increased conversion of tagatose compared to their parent FC4E: T43, P44, H45, Q46, Y53, D84, L89, Q92, H119, C122, S123, M124, T166, D167, V168, P169, I170, A171, G173, G174, E175, E176, G178, V210, M212, S248, T249, K269, V270, P272, L335, R337, R339, Y340. The top mutants from the library were sequenced and are included here as SEQ ID NOs: 371-444.

Example 13 Computational Design of pA06238 to Improve Expression and Stability

Computational design of pA06238 guided by native sequence alignment was used to improve protein expression and stability. In order for a given amino acid at a specific residue position to be allowed in the final design, it had to pass two filters: one based on native sequence alignment and one based on computational modeling. A position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) was created from a native sequence alignment. Two different alignments were used: 1) aligned sequences were only from thermophilic organisms and 2) aligned sequences were allowed from any organism. Any amino acid with a positive score in the PSSM passed the first filter. For each passing amino acid, the Archytas™ protein design software was used to predict if mutating to the given amino acid was predicted to have a ΔΔG below a given cutoff. Several cutoffs, −2.5, −2.0, −1.5, −1.0, −0.5, were used to select the final designs. All amino acids that passed both filters were combined in a final computational design. Homology models of pA06238 built with Archytas™ were used as input for both the AAG calculations and final computational designs.

Ninety two designed enzymes were chosen for characterization (FIG. 20). The number of mutations per design ranged from 2-47 with an average of 15 mutations per design. Mutations occurred at 138 residue positions within pA06238. A sequence alignment of the designs with all mutations highlighted is shown in FIG. 20. Polynucleotide sequences for the 92 designed enzymes (SEQ ID NOs: 46-136) were ordered from Twist Bioscience. The plasmids were transformed, and the protein was expressed and purified as in Example 2-1. The purified FC4Es were reacted with 1.9 M fructose in buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM COCl₂) for 24 hours at 60° C. The fold change in total conversion (total purified protein multiplied by percent conversion to tagatose for a standard amount of enzyme) is shown in FIG. 21.

Example 14 Computational Design of pA06238 for Increased Stability

Enzyme inactivation has been observed when enzymes are exposed to aldehydes (Jennewein et al., 2006; Lorenzo et al., 2007). Lysines and to a lesser extent cysteines are particularly susceptible to modification by aldehydes, causing enzyme inactivation. The Archytas™ design software was used to design mutants of pA06238 with a reduced number of exposed lysine and cysteine residues. 184 designed lysine mutant enzymes were chosen to be experimentally characterized. Half of the designed mutants only mutated lysine and cysteine residues (SEQ ID NOs: 137-231; FIG. 22), and the other half allowed mutations surrounding the lysine and cysteine positions (SEQ ID NOs: 232-320; FIG. 23). The mutants were ordered from Twist Bioscience and tested for FC4E activity. The plasmids were transformed, and the enzymes were expressed and purified as in Example 2-1. The purified FC4Es were reacted with 1.9M fructose in buffer (20 mM KPO₄, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM COCl₂) for 24 hours at 60° C. The fold change in tagatose conversion for a subset of lysine mutants is shown in FIG. 24.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The entire disclosure of each of the patent documents and scientific articles referred to herein is incorporated by reference for all purposes.

EQUIVALENTS

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative rather than limiting on the invention described herein. Scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and the range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein. 

1-294. (canceled)
 295. A method of producing tagatose, comprising: contacting fructose with a modified polypeptide comprising one or more modifications as compared to an unmodified polypeptide, the unmodified polypeptide being SEQ ID: 6, wherein the modified polypeptide converts the fructose to the tagatose through epimerization at the carbon-4 position of the fructose, and the modified polypeptide comprises at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:
 6. 296. The method of claim 295, wherein the one or more modifications of the modified polypeptide include one or more amino acid substitutions of lysine residues of SEQ ID NO: 6, the one or more amino acid substitutions of the lysine residues of SEQ ID NO: 6 reducing a total number of exposed lysine residues and reducing, when compared to the unmodified polypeptide, susceptibility of the modified polypeptide to inactivation.
 297. The method of claim 296, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 6 are selected from the group consisting of K67, K78, K137, K221, K229, K321, K384, and K393.
 298. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position 67 is substituted with ARG.
 299. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position 78 is substituted with GLN.
 300. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position I37 is substituted with VAL or THR.
 301. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position 221 is substituted with GLN.
 302. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position 229 is substituted with SER or ASN.
 303. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position 321 is substituted with SER.
 304. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position 384 is substituted with GLN.
 305. The method of claim 297, wherein the K at position 393 is substituted with ARG or ALA.
 306. The method of claim 296, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 6 are selected from the group consisting of K5, K10, K11, K70, K72, K117, K131, K155, K193, K194, K238, K324, K365, and K382.
 307. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 5 is substituted with GLN.
 308. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 10 is substituted with ARG.
 309. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 11 is substituted with ARG.
 310. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 70 is substituted with ARG.
 311. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 72 is substituted with VAL, LEU, GLN, GLU, HIS, ILE, THR, or ARG.
 312. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 117 is substituted with VAL.
 313. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 131 is substituted with SER.
 314. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 155 is substituted with GLU.
 315. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 193 is substituted with ALA.
 316. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 194 is substituted with ALA.
 317. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 238 is substituted with SER.
 318. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 324 is substituted with SER.
 319. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 365 is substituted with THR.
 320. The method of claim 306, wherein the K at position 382 is substituted with ARG.
 321. The method of claim 295, wherein the modified polypeptide is immobilized to a carrier or a support.
 322. The method of claim 321, wherein the carrier or the support is an organic composition.
 323. The method of claim 322, wherein the organic composition is alginate, chitosan, chitin, collagen, carrageenan, gelatin, cellulose, starch, pectin, sepharose, polystyrene, styrene divinylbenzene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polyamide, polypropylene, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose), UV-activated polyethylene glycerol, or methacrylate.
 324. The method of claim 322, wherein the organic composition is functionalized with a chemical group.
 325. The method of claim 324, wherein the chemical group is an epoxy group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon, a tertiary amine, a quaternary amine, a carboxylic ester, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), aminophosphonic acid (AMPA), polyamine, or a carboxylic acid.
 326. The method of claim 321, wherein the carrier or the support is an inorganic composition.
 327. The method of claim 326, wherein the inorganic composition is alumina, zeolite, ceramics, celite, silica, activated carbon, or charcoal.
 328. The method of claim 295, wherein the modified polypeptide or a microorganism expressing the modified polypeptide is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent.
 329. The method of claim 328, wherein the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde.
 330. The method of claim 328, wherein the modified polypeptide is cross-linked to itself and/or to an inert feeder protein using the cross-linking agent.
 331. A modified microorganism that expresses the modified polypeptide of claim
 295. 332. The modified microorganism of claim 331, wherein the modified polypeptide or the microorganism that expresses the modified polypeptide is immobilized to a carrier or a support.
 333. A method of producing tagatose, comprising contacting fructose with (a) the modified polypeptide of claim 295, (b) a microorganism that expresses the modified polypeptide of claim 295, or (c) a combination of (a) and (b), thereby converting fructose to tagatose.
 334. A method for producing a tagatose composition, comprising contacting a starting composition that comprises at least 0.3% fructose by weight with (a) the modified polypeptide of claim 295, (b) the modified microorganism of claim 331, or (c) a combination of (a) and (b), thereby producing the tagatose composition.
 335. The method of claim 334, wherein the fructose is an amount between about 0.3% to about 70% by weight.
 336. The method of claim 334, wherein the tagatose composition comprises tagatose in an amount greater than about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, or about 40%.
 337. The method of claim 334, wherein the tagatose composition is crystallized via isothermal evaporative crystallization or evaporative cooling crystallization.
 338. The method of claim 295, wherein the modified polypeptide comprises H at position 85, D at position 121, H at position 247, D at position 250, and G at position
 271. 